Abstract
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References
AEVARSSON, O.; SVANBORG, A.; SKOOG, I. Seven-year survival rate after age 85 years: relation to Alzheimer disease and vascular dementia. Arch. Neurol. 55, 1998. p.1226-32.
AGÜERO-TORRES, H. et al. Dementia is the major cause of functional dependence in the elderly: 3-year follow-up data from a population-based study. Am. J. Public. Health. 88(10), 1998. p.1452-6.
APA - American Psychiatric Association. Committee on Nomenclature and Statistics Diagnostic and Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders - Fourth Edition (DSM-IV). Washington, DC, 1994. p.142-3.
BERG, L. Does Alzheimer’s disease represent an exaggeration of normal aging?. Arch. Neurol. 42, 1985.p.737-9.
BRAYNE, C.; Calloway, P. “An epidemiological study of dementia in a rural population of elderly women”. Br. J. Psychiatry. 155, 1989. p.214-9.
BURNS, A. et al. Factors affecting survival in Alzheimer’s disease. Psychol. Med. 21, 1991.p.363-70.
CUMMINGS, J.L. et al. Alzheimers’s disease: etiologies, pathophysiology, cognitive reserve, and treatment opportunities. Neurology. 51(Suppl.), 1998. p.2-17.
CUMMINGS, J. “Alzheimer’s disease”. NEJM. 351, 2004. p.56-67.
DI CARLO, A. et al. Cognitive impairment without dementia in older people; prevalence, vascular risk factors, impact on disability. The Italian longitudinal study on aging. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 48, 2000.p.775-82.
FOLSTEIN, M.F.; FOLSTEIN, S.E.; MCHUGH, P.R. Mini-Mental State: a pratical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinicians. J. Psychiatr. Res. 12, 1975. p.189-98.
FORLENZA, O.V.; CARAMELLI, P. Neuropsiquiatria geriátrica. São Paulo: Atheneu, 2000.
FRATIGLIONI, L.; DE RONCHI, D.; TORRES, H. Worldwide prevalence and incidence of dementia. Drugs & aging. 15(5), 1999. p.65-75.
JORM, A.F.; KORTEN, A.E.; HENDERSON, A.S. The prevalence of dementia: a quantitative integration of the literature. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 76, 1987. p.65-79.
LEVY, R. Aging-associated cognitive decline. Int. Psychogeriatria. 4(1), 1994. p.63-8.
MCLOUGHLIN, D.M.; LEVY, R. The differential diagnosis of dementia. Acta Neurol. Scand. (Suppl.165), 1996. p.92-100.
MCKHANN, G. et al. Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease: report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology. 34, 1984. p.939-44.
MALETTA, G. The concept of reversible dementia: how nonreliable terminology may impair effective treatment. J. Am. Geriatric Soc. 38, 1990. p.136-40
MONTAÑO, M.B.M.M.; RAMOS, L. R. Validity of de Portuguese version of Clinical Dementia Rating. Rev. Saúde Pública 39(6), 2005. p.912-7.
MORRIS, J.C. Differential diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. In: Friedland , R.P. Clinics in geriatric medicine, Alzheimer’s disease update. 10(2), 1994. p.257-76.
NELSON, E.A.; DANNEFER, D. Aged heterogeneity: fact or fiction? The fate of diversity in gerontological research. Gerontologist. 32:17–23, 1992. OMS - Organização Mundial da Saúde. Classificação dos Transtornos Mentais e de Comportamento da CID10. Descrições Clínicas e Diretrizes Diagnósticas. Porto Alegre, Artes Médicas, 1993. p.45.
PETERSEN, R.C. et al. Current concepts in mild cognitive impairment. Arch. Neurol. 58:1985-92, 2001. PRICE, B.H. Differential diagnosis of dementia. In: Samuels, M.A.; Feske, S. Office practice of neurology (Harvard). Section 1,1996. p.705-10.
RAMOS, L.R.; SIMÕES, J.S.; ALBERT, M.S. Dependence in activities of daily living and cognitive impairment strongly predicted mortality in older urban residents in Brazil: a 2-year follow-up. Journal of American Geriatrics Society. 49,2001. p.1168-75.
REICHMAN, W.E.; CUMMINGS, J.F. Demência. In: Calkins,
E.; Ford , A.B.; Katz , P.R. Geriatria prática. 2.ed. Cap.32,
1997. p.312-28.
TARIOT, P.N.; FEDEROFF, H. Current treatment for Alzheimer disease and future prospects. Alzheimer Dis. Assoc. Disord. 17, S:(4), 2003.
WINBLAD, B. et al. Mild cognitive impairment- beyond controversies, towards a consensus: report of the International Working Group on Mild Cognitive Impairment. Journal of Internal Medicine 256, 2004. p.240-246.
AGÜERO-TORRES, H. et al. Dementia is the major cause of functional dependence in the elderly: 3-year follow-up data from a population-based study. Am. J. Public. Health. 88(10), 1998. p.1452-6.
APA - American Psychiatric Association. Committee on Nomenclature and Statistics Diagnostic and Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders - Fourth Edition (DSM-IV). Washington, DC, 1994. p.142-3.
BERG, L. Does Alzheimer’s disease represent an exaggeration of normal aging?. Arch. Neurol. 42, 1985.p.737-9.
BRAYNE, C.; Calloway, P. “An epidemiological study of dementia in a rural population of elderly women”. Br. J. Psychiatry. 155, 1989. p.214-9.
BURNS, A. et al. Factors affecting survival in Alzheimer’s disease. Psychol. Med. 21, 1991.p.363-70.
CUMMINGS, J.L. et al. Alzheimers’s disease: etiologies, pathophysiology, cognitive reserve, and treatment opportunities. Neurology. 51(Suppl.), 1998. p.2-17.
CUMMINGS, J. “Alzheimer’s disease”. NEJM. 351, 2004. p.56-67.
DI CARLO, A. et al. Cognitive impairment without dementia in older people; prevalence, vascular risk factors, impact on disability. The Italian longitudinal study on aging. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 48, 2000.p.775-82.
FOLSTEIN, M.F.; FOLSTEIN, S.E.; MCHUGH, P.R. Mini-Mental State: a pratical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinicians. J. Psychiatr. Res. 12, 1975. p.189-98.
FORLENZA, O.V.; CARAMELLI, P. Neuropsiquiatria geriátrica. São Paulo: Atheneu, 2000.
FRATIGLIONI, L.; DE RONCHI, D.; TORRES, H. Worldwide prevalence and incidence of dementia. Drugs & aging. 15(5), 1999. p.65-75.
JORM, A.F.; KORTEN, A.E.; HENDERSON, A.S. The prevalence of dementia: a quantitative integration of the literature. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 76, 1987. p.65-79.
LEVY, R. Aging-associated cognitive decline. Int. Psychogeriatria. 4(1), 1994. p.63-8.
MCLOUGHLIN, D.M.; LEVY, R. The differential diagnosis of dementia. Acta Neurol. Scand. (Suppl.165), 1996. p.92-100.
MCKHANN, G. et al. Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease: report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology. 34, 1984. p.939-44.
MALETTA, G. The concept of reversible dementia: how nonreliable terminology may impair effective treatment. J. Am. Geriatric Soc. 38, 1990. p.136-40
MONTAÑO, M.B.M.M.; RAMOS, L. R. Validity of de Portuguese version of Clinical Dementia Rating. Rev. Saúde Pública 39(6), 2005. p.912-7.
MORRIS, J.C. Differential diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. In: Friedland , R.P. Clinics in geriatric medicine, Alzheimer’s disease update. 10(2), 1994. p.257-76.
NELSON, E.A.; DANNEFER, D. Aged heterogeneity: fact or fiction? The fate of diversity in gerontological research. Gerontologist. 32:17–23, 1992. OMS - Organização Mundial da Saúde. Classificação dos Transtornos Mentais e de Comportamento da CID10. Descrições Clínicas e Diretrizes Diagnósticas. Porto Alegre, Artes Médicas, 1993. p.45.
PETERSEN, R.C. et al. Current concepts in mild cognitive impairment. Arch. Neurol. 58:1985-92, 2001. PRICE, B.H. Differential diagnosis of dementia. In: Samuels, M.A.; Feske, S. Office practice of neurology (Harvard). Section 1,1996. p.705-10.
RAMOS, L.R.; SIMÕES, J.S.; ALBERT, M.S. Dependence in activities of daily living and cognitive impairment strongly predicted mortality in older urban residents in Brazil: a 2-year follow-up. Journal of American Geriatrics Society. 49,2001. p.1168-75.
REICHMAN, W.E.; CUMMINGS, J.F. Demência. In: Calkins,
E.; Ford , A.B.; Katz , P.R. Geriatria prática. 2.ed. Cap.32,
1997. p.312-28.
TARIOT, P.N.; FEDEROFF, H. Current treatment for Alzheimer disease and future prospects. Alzheimer Dis. Assoc. Disord. 17, S:(4), 2003.
WINBLAD, B. et al. Mild cognitive impairment- beyond controversies, towards a consensus: report of the International Working Group on Mild Cognitive Impairment. Journal of Internal Medicine 256, 2004. p.240-246.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2009 Maria Beatriz M. M. Montaño
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