The environment under discussion: The Stockholm and Rio 1992 Conferences
PDF (Português (Brasil))

Keywords

Environmental agenda
Sustainable development
Environmental education
United Nations

How to Cite

Martins, L. A.-C. P., & Brando, F. da R. (2023). The environment under discussion: The Stockholm and Rio 1992 Conferences: As conferências de Estocolmo e Rio 1992. Cadernos De História Da Ciência, 17. https://doi.org/10.47692/cadhistcienc.2023.v17.38309

Abstract

This article aims to revisit two conferences that called the world's attention to environmental and development issues and anniversaries in 2022. In addition, to make some reflections about their contribution and results. The Stockholm Conference detected several problems and the importance of environmental education, contributing to the production of environmental legislation. The Brundtland Report, among other aspects, brought up the idea that development is not incompatible with sustainability. Rio 92, which focused on the impact of socio-economic activities on the environment, resulted in the production of documents that suggested actions to be implemented by States for sustainable development. Additionally, the preservation of traditional cultures, biodiversity, and forests, emphasizing the role of women and youth in the process, are highlighted. Unfortunately, despite some achievements, the environmental crisis is getting worse and sustainable economic development remains a desideratum.

https://doi.org/10.47692/cadhistcienc.2023.v17.38309
PDF (Português (Brasil))

References

BRANDO, Fernanda da Rocha; CALDEIRA, Ana Maria de Andrade. As fases iniciais da Ecologia: as contribuições de Henry Allan Gleason. Filosofia e História da Biologia., 8 (3): 453-473, 2013. Disponível em: <https://www.abfhib.org/FHB/FHB-08-3/FHB-8-3-05-Fernanda-da-Rocha-Brando-Fernandez_Ana-Maria-de-Andrade-Caldeira.pdf>. Acesso em: 05/07/2022.

BRASIL. LEI Nº 4.771, de 15 de setembro de 1965. Código Florestal. Disponível em: <https://www2.camara.leg.br/legin/fed/lei/1960-1969/lei-4771-15-setembro-1965-369026-publicacaooriginal-1-pl.html> Acesso em: 05/07/2022.

BRASIL. LEI 6.001/1973 (LEI ORDINÁRIA). Dispõe sobre o Estatuto do Índio. Brasília: 1973. Disponível em: <http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/L6001.htm>. Acesso em: 28/07/2021.

BRASIL. LEI Nº 6.938, de 31 de agosto de 1981. Política Nacional do Meio Ambiente, seus fins e mecanismos de formulação e aplicação, e dá outras providências - Publicação Original. Brasília: 1981. Disponível em: <https://www2.camara.leg.br/legin/fed/lei/1980-1987/lei-6938-31-agosto-1981-366135-publicacaooriginal-1-pl.html> Acesso em: 05/07/2022.

BRASIL. Decreto nº 88.351, de 1º de junho de 1983. Publicação Original. Brasília: 1983. Disponível em: <https://www2.camara.leg.br/legin/fed/decret/1980-1987/decreto-88351-1-junho-1983-438446-publicacaooriginal-1-pe.html> Acesso em: 05/07/2022.

BRASIL. Constituição Federal de 1988. Constituição Federal. Legislação Informatizada. Publicação original. Brasília: 1988. Disponível em: <http://portal.mec.gov.br/seb/arquivos/pdf/cvicf.pdf> Acesso em: 05/07/2022.

CARMO, Viviane Arruda do; BIZZO, Nélio; MARTINS, Lilian Al-Chueyr Pereira. Alfred Russel Wallace e o princípio da seleção natural. Filosofia e História da Biologia 4: 209-233, 2009. Disponível em: <https://www.abfhib.org/FHB/FHB-04/FHB-v04-07-Viviane-Carmo-et-al.pdf>. Acesso em: 05/07/2022.

CARMO, Viviane Arruda do; NAVARRO, Pedro de Lima; MARTINS, Lilian Al-Chueyr Pereira. A concepção de seleção natural sob a perspectiva de Darwin e Wallace em 1858. Boletim de História e Filosofia da Biologia, vol. 14, número 2 (junho de 2020). Disponível em: <http://abfhib.org/Boletim/Boletim-HFB-14-n2-06.html>. Acesso em: 05/07/2022.

CEBALLOS, Gerardo; EHRLICH, Paul R.; DIRZO, Rodolfo. Biological annihilation via the ongoing sixth mass extinction signaled by vertebrate population losses and declines. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114 (30): E6089-E6096, 2017. DOI: <https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1704949114>. Acesso em: 05/07/2022.

CLEMENTS, Frederic E. The development and structure of vegetation. Studies in the vegetation of the State. Reports of Botanic Survey of Nebraska, 7: 2-175, 1904.

DARWIN, Charles Robert. On the tendency of species to form varieties by means of Natural Selection and On the perpetuation of varieties and species by natural means of selection. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London, 3: 45-62, 1858.

DARWIN, Charles Robert. The origin of species by means of natural selection. London; John Murray, 1859.

DARWIN, Charles Robert. The origin of species by means of natural selection or the Preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life. 6th ed. London; John Murray, 1872.

DIAS, Genebaldo Freire. Educação Ambiental. Princípios e práticas. 6ª ed. São Paulo: Gaia, 2000.

DIEGUES, Antonio Carlos. O mito moderno da natureza intocada. 6ª edição revista e ampliada. São Paulo: HUCITEC/NUPAUB, 2018.

JEFFRIES, Michael J. Biodiversity and conservation. London/New York: Routledge, 1997.

KATO, Danilo & MARTINS, Lilian Al-Chueyr Pereira Martins. Kato, Danilo Seithi; Martins, Lilian A.-C. Pereira. A ‘sociologia das plantas’: Arthur George Tansley e o conceito de ecossistema (1935), 11 (2): 189-202, 2016. Acesso em: <http://www.abfhib.org/FHB/FHB-11-2/FHB-11-2-Danilo-S-Kato_Lilian-A-C-P-Martins.pdf>. Acesso em: 05/07/2022.

KINGSLAND, Sharon. The evolution of American ecology. 1890-2000.

Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005.

LAGO, André Aranha Corrêa. Estocolmo, Rio, Joanesburgo. O Brasil e as três conferências ambientais das Nações Unidas. Brasilia: Instituto Rio Branco, 2006.

LAGO, André Aranha Corrêa do. Conferências do desenvolvimento sustentável. Brasilia: Fundação Alexandre Gusmão, 2013.

LUTZEMBERGER, J. Manifesto ecológico brasileiro. Porto Alegre: Lançamento,

MARTINS, Tatiane Barbosa; Martins, Lilian Al-Chueyr Pereira. Clements e o conceito de clímax. Filosofia e História da Biologia, 15 (2) 225-255, 2020. DOI: <https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2178-6224v15i2p225-255> Acesso em: 05/07/2022.

UNITED NATIONS. Report of the United Nations Conference on Environment. New York: United Nations, 1973.

UNITED NATIONS. Report of the World Commission on Environment and

Development: Our Common Future. United Nations: 1987. <https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/5987our-common-future.pdf> Acesso em: 10/06/2022.

UNITED NATIONS. Rio declaration on environment and development. Pp. 3-8, in: UNITED NATIONS. Report of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development 1992. Disponível em: <https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N92/836/55/PDF/N9283655.pdf> Acesso em: 10/06/2022.

UNITED NATIONS. Convention on biological diversity. 1992. Disponível em: <https://www.cbd.int/doc/legal/cbd-en.pdf>. Acesso em: 10/06/2022.

UNITED NATIONS. United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 3-14 June 1992. Disponível em: <https://www.un.org/en/conferences/environment/rio1992>. Acesso em: 10/06/2022.

UNITED NATIONS. Non-legally binding authoritative statement of principles for a global consensus on the management, conservation and sustainable development of all types of forests. 1992. Disponível em: <https://www.un.org/esa/documents/ga/conf151/aconf15126-3.htm> Acesso em: 10/06/2022.

WALLACE, Alfred Russel. On the perpetuation of varieties and species by natural means of selection. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London, 3: 45-62, 1858.

WALLACE, Alfred Russel. [1889]. Darwinism. 2nd ed. 1890.

WALDRON, Antony; MILLER, Daniel C.; REDDING, Dave; MOOORERS, Arne; KUHN, Tyler S.; NIBBELINK, Nate; ROBERTS, J. Timmons; TOBIAS, Joseph A; GITTLEMAN, John L. Reductions in global biodiversity loss predicted from conservation spending. Nature, Reductions in global biodiversity loss predicted from conservation spending. Nature, 551: 364-367, 2017. DOI: em: <https://doi.org/10.1038/nature24295>. Acesso em: 05/07/2022.

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Copyright (c) 2023 Lilian Al-Chueyr Pereira Martins; Fernanda da Rocha Brando

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...