Resumo
As evidências científi cas comprovam que os alicerces fundamentais para a saúde, a aprendizagem e o comportamento ao longo da vida são estabelecidos na primeira infância. A Comissão sobre Determinantes Sociais de Saúde da Organização Mundial da Saúde afi rma que uma abordagem integral voltada ao desenvolvimento infantil na primeira infância é estratégia fundamental para promover a equidade na saúde. O Conselho Nacional de Secretários de Saúde (CONASS), mobilizado por essas evidências e diretrizes globais, tem fomentado iniciativas de promoção da saúde a partir dos cuidados com a primeira infância. Em 2008, estabeleceu uma parceria estratégica com o Centre of Excellence for Early Childhood Development (Centro de Excelência para o Desenvolvimento na Primeira Infância) da Universidade de Montreal, Canadá. Fruto dessa aliança, produtos têm sido disseminados no Brasil e no exterior, dentre os quais se destacam: a versão em português da Enciclopédia sobre o Desenvolvimento na Primeira Infância; o relatório “Prevenir a violência pelo aprendizado na primeira infância”; o fi lme “As origens da agressão”. Promover uma aproximação e colaboração entre as pesquisas, as políticas e os serviços é essencial para qualifi car a assistência prestada à população. Intervir precocemente, sistematicamente e com efi cácia é fundamental para o alcance da equidade na saúde.
Referências
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15. Hagar, H. “If you could do one thing…” Nine local actions to reduce health inequalities. London: British Academy for the Humanities and Social Sciences; 2014.
16. Hart B, Risley TR. Meaningful differences in the everyday experience of young American children. Baltimore: Brookes; 1995.
17. Hertzman C, Boyce T. How experience gets under the skin to create gradients in developmental health. Annual Review of Public Health. 2010; 31:329-47.
18. Irwin L, Siddiqi A, Hertzman C. Early child development: a powerful equalizer. Final report for the World Health Organization’s Commission on social determinants of health. Vancouver: University of British Columbia; 2007.
19. Knoche LL, Sheridan SM, Clarke BL, Edwards CP, Marvin CA, Cline KD et al. Getting ready: results of a randomized trial of a relationship-focused intervention on the parent – infant relationship in rural Early Head Start. Infant Mental Health Journal. 2012; 33(5):439-458.
20. Marmot M. Fair society, healthy lives: strategic review of health inequalities in England post-2010. London: The Marmot Review; 2010.
21. Maselko J, Kubzansky L, Lipsitt L, Buka SL. Mother´s affection at 8 months predicts emotional distress in adulthood. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. 2011; 65(7):621-625.
22. McCain MN, Mustard JF, McCuaig K. Early years study 3: making decisions, taking action. Toronto, ON: Margaret & Wallace McCain Family Fou
24. Meaney M, Szyf M. Maternal care as a model for experience-dependent chromatin plasticity? Trends in Neurosciences. 2005; 28(9):456-463.
25. National Scientifi c Council on the Developing Child. The timing and quality of early experiences combine to shape brain architecture. Cambridge: center of the Developing Child; 2007. (Working paper,5)
26. Nelson CA, Fox NA, Zeanah Jr. CH. Anguish of the abandoned child. Scientifi c American. 2013;308(4): 62-67.
27. Nelson CA, Furtado EA, Fox NA, Zeanah Jr CH. The deprived human brain: developmental defi cits among institutionalized Romanian children and later improvements – strengthen the case for individualized care. American Scientist. 2009; 97:222-229.
28. Olds D. Prenatal and infancy home visiting by nurses: from randomized trials to community replication. Prevention Science. 2002; 3:153-172.
29. Olds D. The nurse-family partnership: an evidencebased preventive intervention. Infant Mental Health Journal. 2006; 27(1):5-25.
30. Paulsell D, Avellar S, Sama Martin E, Del Grosso P. Home visiting evidence of effectiveness review: executive summary. Offi ce of planning, research and evaluation, administration for children and families. Washington (DC): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2010. p.1-14.
31. Schweinhart LJ, Montie J, Xiang Z; Barnett, WS, Belfi eld CR, Nores M.The high/scope Perry Preschool study through age 40: summary, conclusions, and frequently asked questions. Ypsilanti, MI:High/Scope; 2004.
32. Science of Early Child Development. Virtual Encyclopedia. Brain Development. Nurturing, 2.2. Red River College. North American Edition; 2014.
33. Shonkoff JP, Phillips DA. From neurons to neighborhoods: the science of early childhood development. Washington (DC): National Academy; 2000.
34. Tremblay RE, Gervais J, Petitclerc A. Prévenir la violence par l’apprentissage à la petite enfance. Montréal: Centre d’Excellence pour le Developpement des Jeunes Enfants; 2008.
35. Valenzuela M. Maternal sensitivity in a developing society: the context of urban poverty and infant chronic undernutrition. Developmental Psychology. 1997; 33:845-855. 36. Walker SP, Chan SM, Powel CA, Grantham-McGregor SM. Effects of early childhood psychosocial stimulation and nutritional supplementation on cognitive and education in growth-stunted Jamaican children: prospective cohort study. The Lancet. 2005; 366:1804-1807.
37. Walker SP, Wachs TD, Gardner JM, Lozoff B, Wasserman H, Pollitt E et al. Child development: risk factors for adverse outcomes in developing countries. Lancet. 2007; 369:145-157.
38. Watson J, Tully L. Prevention and early intervention update – trends in recent research. Ashfi eld: NSW Department of Community Services; 2008.
2. Boivin M, Hertzman C, editores. Early childhood development: adverse experiences and developmental health. Royal Society of Canada – Canadian Academy of Health Sciences Expert Panel (with Ronald Barr, Thomas Boyce, Alison Fleming, Harriet MacMillan, Candice Odgers, Marla Sokolowski, Nico Trocmé). Ottawa, ON: Royal Society of Canada; 2012.
3. Bowlby J. Attachment and Loss. Attachment. New York: Basic Books; 1969. v.1.
4. Brotman LM, Calzada E, Huang KY, Kingston S, DawsonMcClure S, Kamboukos D et al. Promoting effective parenting practices and preventing child behavior problems in school among ethnically diverse families from underserved, urban communities. Child Development. 2011; 82:258-276.
5. Center on the Developing Child. Harvard University. The Foundations of health are built in early childhood. Cambridge; 2010.
6. Commission on Social Determinants of Health [CSDH]. Final report: closing the gap in a generation: health equity through action on the social determinants of health. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2008.
7. Conselho Nacional de Secretários de Saúde. Violência: uma epidemia silenciosa. Seminários regionais. Brasília (DF); 2008. ( CONASS Documento nº 16)
8. Conselho Nacional de Secretários de Saúde. Violência: uma epidemia silenciosa. Seminário nacional, propostas, estratégias e parcerias por área de atuação. Brasília (DF); 2009. (CONASS Documento, 17)
9. Council on Community Pediatrics. The role of preschool home-visiting programs in improving children’s developmental and health outcomes. Pediatrics. 2009; 123:598-603.
10. Engle PL, Black MM, Behrman JR. For the International Child Development Steering Group (2007). Strategies to avoid the loss of developmental potential in more than 200 million children in the developing world. Lancet. 2007; 369:229-242
11. Gardner JM, Walker SP, Powell CA, Grantham-McGregor S. A randomized controlled trial of a home-visiting intervention on cognition and behavior in term low birth weight infants. J Pediatr. 2003;143:634-639.
12. Gertler P, Heckman J, Pinto R, Zanolini A, Vermeersch C, Walker S et al. Labor market returns to an early childhood stimulation intervention in Jamaica. Science. 2014; 344:998-1001.
13. Grantham-McGregor SM, Cheung YB, Cueto S, Glewwe P, Richter L, Strupp B. Developmental potential in the fi rst 5 years for children in developing countries. Lancet. 2007; 369:60-70.
14. Grantham-McGregor SM, Powell CA, Walker SP, Himes JH. Nutritional supplementation, psychosocial stimulation, and mental development of stunted children: the jamaican study. Lancet. 1991; 338:1-5.
15. Hagar, H. “If you could do one thing…” Nine local actions to reduce health inequalities. London: British Academy for the Humanities and Social Sciences; 2014.
16. Hart B, Risley TR. Meaningful differences in the everyday experience of young American children. Baltimore: Brookes; 1995.
17. Hertzman C, Boyce T. How experience gets under the skin to create gradients in developmental health. Annual Review of Public Health. 2010; 31:329-47.
18. Irwin L, Siddiqi A, Hertzman C. Early child development: a powerful equalizer. Final report for the World Health Organization’s Commission on social determinants of health. Vancouver: University of British Columbia; 2007.
19. Knoche LL, Sheridan SM, Clarke BL, Edwards CP, Marvin CA, Cline KD et al. Getting ready: results of a randomized trial of a relationship-focused intervention on the parent – infant relationship in rural Early Head Start. Infant Mental Health Journal. 2012; 33(5):439-458.
20. Marmot M. Fair society, healthy lives: strategic review of health inequalities in England post-2010. London: The Marmot Review; 2010.
21. Maselko J, Kubzansky L, Lipsitt L, Buka SL. Mother´s affection at 8 months predicts emotional distress in adulthood. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. 2011; 65(7):621-625.
22. McCain MN, Mustard JF, McCuaig K. Early years study 3: making decisions, taking action. Toronto, ON: Margaret & Wallace McCain Family Fou
24. Meaney M, Szyf M. Maternal care as a model for experience-dependent chromatin plasticity? Trends in Neurosciences. 2005; 28(9):456-463.
25. National Scientifi c Council on the Developing Child. The timing and quality of early experiences combine to shape brain architecture. Cambridge: center of the Developing Child; 2007. (Working paper,5)
26. Nelson CA, Fox NA, Zeanah Jr. CH. Anguish of the abandoned child. Scientifi c American. 2013;308(4): 62-67.
27. Nelson CA, Furtado EA, Fox NA, Zeanah Jr CH. The deprived human brain: developmental defi cits among institutionalized Romanian children and later improvements – strengthen the case for individualized care. American Scientist. 2009; 97:222-229.
28. Olds D. Prenatal and infancy home visiting by nurses: from randomized trials to community replication. Prevention Science. 2002; 3:153-172.
29. Olds D. The nurse-family partnership: an evidencebased preventive intervention. Infant Mental Health Journal. 2006; 27(1):5-25.
30. Paulsell D, Avellar S, Sama Martin E, Del Grosso P. Home visiting evidence of effectiveness review: executive summary. Offi ce of planning, research and evaluation, administration for children and families. Washington (DC): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2010. p.1-14.
31. Schweinhart LJ, Montie J, Xiang Z; Barnett, WS, Belfi eld CR, Nores M.The high/scope Perry Preschool study through age 40: summary, conclusions, and frequently asked questions. Ypsilanti, MI:High/Scope; 2004.
32. Science of Early Child Development. Virtual Encyclopedia. Brain Development. Nurturing, 2.2. Red River College. North American Edition; 2014.
33. Shonkoff JP, Phillips DA. From neurons to neighborhoods: the science of early childhood development. Washington (DC): National Academy; 2000.
34. Tremblay RE, Gervais J, Petitclerc A. Prévenir la violence par l’apprentissage à la petite enfance. Montréal: Centre d’Excellence pour le Developpement des Jeunes Enfants; 2008.
35. Valenzuela M. Maternal sensitivity in a developing society: the context of urban poverty and infant chronic undernutrition. Developmental Psychology. 1997; 33:845-855. 36. Walker SP, Chan SM, Powel CA, Grantham-McGregor SM. Effects of early childhood psychosocial stimulation and nutritional supplementation on cognitive and education in growth-stunted Jamaican children: prospective cohort study. The Lancet. 2005; 366:1804-1807.
37. Walker SP, Wachs TD, Gardner JM, Lozoff B, Wasserman H, Pollitt E et al. Child development: risk factors for adverse outcomes in developing countries. Lancet. 2007; 369:145-157.
38. Watson J, Tully L. Prevention and early intervention update – trends in recent research. Ashfi eld: NSW Department of Community Services; 2008.
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Copyright (c) 2022 Alessandra Schneider, Jurandi Frutuoso, Rita Cataneli
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