Resumo
A deficiência de iodo constitui a principal causa de dano cerebral e de atraso mental, sendo a mais facilmente previsível. Pelas suas graves consequências para o desenvolvimento e crescimento do ser humano, ainda representa um dos maiores problemas de saúde pública. A eliminação das desordens por deficiência de iodo se constitui numa das metas mais importantes a cumprir em nível mundial. Para esse fim, tem-se estabelecido as bases cientificas através de formulação de normas diretrizes e estratégias de alcance populacional. A fortificação do sal com iodo resulta na intervenção mais utilizada, devido a seu custo-benefício. A avaliação da magnitude e severidade dessa deficiência inclui a utilização de meios simples e valiosos, como as pesquisas de bócio e as determinações de iodo urinário. Este trabalho abrange os aspectos relacionados aos critérios para definir as desordens causadas por essa deficiência como problema de saúde, indicadores de processo e impacto na gestão de programas globais para sua eliminação sustentável.
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