Keywords
How to Cite
Abstract
Nucleic acid amplification techniques (NAATs) that search for segments of the proviral genome of human T-lymphotropic viruses (HTLVs) are important tools for molecular characterization, diagnosis, and proviral load quantification. In Brazil, HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 are endemic, and the differential diagnosis between them is very important since HTLV-1 is related to severe diseases such as HTLV-1-associated myelopathy and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, while HTLV-2 appears to be non-pathogenic. This narrative review describes the NAATs used over the years in HTLV diagnosis; presents a table with data on author/year of publication, place of work, technique used, target genes, and the objective of the study. It reports the causes of possible failures in molecular diagnosis; presents new methodologies and research on techniques that best fit the Brazilian laboratory conditions and supplies. It clarifies the need to implement HTLV molecular diagnosis in the public health network, based on its best cost-benefit ratio for laboratories that have infrastructure and trained personnel. In conclusion, it provides useful information for the implementation of public health policies within the scope of the unified system of health (Sistema Único de Saúde, SUS), since HTLV-1 infection has been gaining notoriety with the Ministry of Health of Brazil and the World Health Organization, as it is highly prevalent in various parts of the world, it is associated with diseases of high morbidity and mortality, has no cure, and can only be controlled with infection prevention measures that depend on the diagnosis.
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