Oral hygiene in patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) as a factor in reducing secondary infection outbreaks of a public hospital in São Paulo, SP, Brazil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.57148/bepa.2019.v.16.37662Keywords:
Candida albicans., Dental plaque., Propolis., . ChlorhexidineAbstract
Oral infection foccus are related to health impairment, being a frequent complication in patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), due to the lack
of adequate oral hygiene. The objective of this study was to study oral hygiene
with filtered water, chlorhexidine digluconate and ethanolic propolis extract in
patients admitted to the ICU. 150 patients were evaluated divided into 3 groups
of 50 individuals for each substance. Before the hygienization, a clinical examination of the mouth was performed, followed by two collections for the detection of microorganisms before and after hygiene. Patients presented gingivitis, periodontitis, oral lesions, cavities and residual roots. Hygienization with
filtered water reduced the presence of yeasts, filamentous fungi and bacteria as
a consequence of the mechanical activity of residue removal. Chlorhexidine
digluconate at 0.12% inhibited yeast growth and reduced the isolation of filamentous fungi and bacteria in the three days of hygiene. Ethanolic extract of
propolis at 6% inhibited the growth of yeasts, did not alter the isolation of filamentous fungi and considerably reduced the isolation of bacteria. Chlorhexidine
digluconate at 0.12% and the propolis ethanolic extract at 6% presented similar
results with the advantage of the ethanolic extract of propolis being a natural
product that does not cause daily undesirable side effects such as blemishes on
the teeth and tongue, loss of taste and sensation of burning in the oral mucosa.
Downloads
Metrics
References
Gomes SF, Esteves MCL. Atuação
do cirurgião-dentista na UTI:
um novo paradigma. Rev. bras.
Odontol. 2012;69(1):67-70.
Morais TMN, Silva A, Santos
PSS. Odontologia na Unidade
de Terapia Intensiva. In: Santos
PSS; Soares Junior LAV. Medicina
Bucal: A Prática na Odontologia
Hospitalar. São Paulo. 2012. p.336.
Allbright A. Oral care for the
cancer chemotherapy patients.
Nurs Times. 1984;80:40-2.
Gonçalves PE, Rodrigues NALR,
Seixas FL. Ações de promoção de
saúde bucal no âmbito hospitalar. Rev.
Ciênc. Méd. 2014;23(1):15-23.
Amaral COF, Marques JA, Bovolato
MC, Parizi AGS, Oliveira A, Straioto
FG. Importância do cirurgião-dentista
em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva:
avaliação multidisciplinar. Rev. Assoc.
Paul. Cir. Dent. 2013;67(2):107-11.
Gonçalves PE, Rodrigues NALR,
Seixas FL. Ações de promoção de saúde
bucal no âmbito hospitalar. Rev. Ciênc.
Méd., Campinas. 2014, 23(1):15-23.
Jennings C, Morgan D, Gopisetti S,
Ryan C, Playfor S. Determining the
impact of improving oral hygiene on
ventilator-associated pneumonia rate in
a paediatric intensive care unit. Pediatric
Critical Care Medicine. 2018;19(6)
Teixeira RF, Oliveira SP, Silva Jr A,
Agostini M, Ragon CST, Torres SR. A
higiene bucal em pacientes de unidade
de terapia intensiva. Revista Naval
de Odontologia. 2018; 45(1):55.
Silva DP, Silva MS, Silva DP, Ferraz
MAAL, Falcão CAM, Moura CDVS.
Oral hygiene practices applied to
hospitalized patients to Intensive Care
Units. ReonFacema. 2018;4(1):815-19.
Libério SA, Pereira ALA, Araújo MJAM,
Dutra RP, Nascimento FRF, MonteiroNeto V, Ribeiro MNS, Gonçalves AG,
Guerra RNM. The potential use of
propolis as a cariostatic agent and its
actions on mutans group streptococci.
J. Ethnopharmacol. 2009;125: 1-9.
Dhar V, Bhatnagar M. Physiology
and toxicity of fluoride. Indian
Journal of Dental Research.
;20(3):350-5.
Huang M, Kao KC. Population dynamics
and the evolution of antifungal drug
resistance in Candida albicans. FEMS
Microbiol Lett. 2012;333:85-93.
Marcucci MC. Propolis:
chemical composition, biological
properties and therapeutic activity.
Apidologie. 1995;26:83-99.
Wagh VD.Propolis: a wonder bees product
and its pharmacological potentials.
Avd Pharmacol Sci. 2013;1-28.
Abrahão, DS. Atividade dos extratos
de própolis sobre o comportamento
morfobiológico de Candida albicans e
como medicação intracanal [Dissertação].
São Paulo: Coordenadoria de Controle
de Doenças – Secretaria de Estado
da Saúde de São Paulo, 2007.
Pires MFC, Correa B, Gambale W,
Paula CR. Experimental model of
Candida albicans (serotypes a and b)
adherence in vitro. Brazilian Journal
of Microbiology. 2001;32:163-9.
Pupulin AR. Susceptibilidade a
antifúngicos e produção de enzimas
por leveduras do gênero Candida
isoladas de pacientes com HIV/AIDS.
Salud(i) Ciencia. 2014;20:471-6.
Pereira SR, D’Ottaviano L. Saúde
bucal dos pacientes internados na
unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI),
Diretrizes Normas e condutas Área
da saúde, serviço de odontologia
do HC Unicamp. 2010.
Munro CL, Grap MJ. Oral health
and care in the intensive care
unit: state of the science. Am J
Crit Care. 2004;13(1):25-33
Saramanayake LP, Cheung LK,
Saramanayake YH. Candidiasis and
other fungal diseases ofthe mouth.
Dermatol Ther. 2002;15(3):251-69.
Silveira RS, Martins CR, Lunardi
VL, Vargas MA, Lunardi Filho WD,
Avila LI. I. A dimensão moral do
cuidado em terapia intensiva. Ciência,
Cuidado & Saúde. 2014;13(2):1-12.
Carvalho MM; Moura MEB; Nunes
MRCM; Araújo TME; Monteiro CFS;
Carvalho LRB; Infecções hospitalares
nas Unidades de Terapia Intensiva
em um hospital público. Revista
Interdisciplinar da NOVAFAPI,
Teresina. 2011; 4(4):42-8.
Araújo, RJG. Análise de percepções e
ações de cuidados bucais por equipes de
enfermagem em unidades de Tratamento
intensivo. Rev. Brasileira de Terapia
Intensiva, São Paulo. 2009;21(1):38-44.
Scannapieco FA. Pneumonia in
nonambulatory patients – The role of
oral bacteria and oral hygiene. J Am
Dent Assoc. 2008;139(3):252-6.
Zanela NLM, Bijella MFTB, Rosa
OPS. The infl uence of mouthrinses
with anti microbial soluti ons on the
inhibiti on of dental plaque and on
the levels of mutans streptococci in
children. Pesq. Odontol. Bras.
;16(2):101-6.
Pereira JV, Silva SCS, Santos-Filho L,
Higino JS. Atividade antimicrobiana
do extrato hidroalcóolico da Punica
granatum Linn. sobre microrganismos
formadores de placa bacteriana.
Periodonti a Rev. 2001;4(12):57-64.
Zanatta FB, Rösing CK. Clorexidina:
mecanismo de ação e evidências atuais
de sua eficácia no contexto do biofilme
supragengival. Scientific-A 2007;1(2):35-43.
Souza ELC. Comparação do digluconato
de clorexidina 0,12% sem xilitol com
álcool e com xilitol sem álcool para
controle do biofilme oral e efeitos adversos
associados. Rio de Janeiro. 2007.
Silva BB, Rosalen PL, Cury JA, Ikegaki
M, Souza VC, Esteves A, Alencar S M.
Chemical composition and botanical
origin of red propolis, a new type of
brazilian propolis. Evidence-Based
Compl Altern Med. 2008;5:313-6
Santos FA, Bastos EMA, Uzeda MC,
Farias L.M, Moreira ESA. Antibacterial
activity of Brazilian propolis and
fractions against oral anaerobic bacteria.
J. Ethnopharmacol. 2006;80:1-7.
Koru O, Toksoy F, Acikel C, Tunca Y,
Baysallar M, Uskudar-Guclu A,
Akca E, Ozkok Tuylud A, Sorkun
K, Tanyuksel M, Salih B.: In vitro
antimicrobial atividade de amostras
de própolis de diferentes origens
geográficas Un Certain contra
patógenos orais. Anaeróbios.
;13(3):140-5.
Schett G. Effects of inflammatory and
anti-inflammatory cytokines on the bone.
Eur J Clin Invest. 2011;4:1361-6.
Oliveira LC, Carneiro PP, Fischer RG,
Tinoco EM. A presença de patógenos
respiratórios no biofilme bucal de
pacientes com pneumonia nosocomial.
Rev Bras Ter Int. 2007;19(4):428-33.
Chan GC, Cheung KW, Sze DM. The
immunomodulatory and anticancer
properties of propolis. Clin Rev
Allergy Immunol. 2013;44:262-73.
Carbonari MJ, Sene FF, Rogero
SO. Obtenção de vidros bioativos
utilizados na reparação óssea.
Rev. Mackenzie de Engenharia e
Computação. 2011;6(10):78-89
Vargas AC, Loguercio AP, Witt NM,
Costa MM, Silva MS, Viana LR.
Atividade antimicrobiana in vitro
de extrato alcóolico de própolis.
Ciência Rural. 2004;34(1):59-63.
Williams D, Lewis D. Pathogenesis and
treatment of oral candidosis. Journal of
Oral Microbiology. 2011;3:5771-82.
Koo H, Gomes BPFA, Rosalen PL,
Ambrosano GM, Park YY, Cury JA. In
vitro antimicrobial activity of propolis and
Arnica Montana against oral pathogens.
Arch Oral Biol. 2000;45(2):141-8.
Oliveira-Júnior JK, Vieira LEM,
Barnabé LEG, Santos ML, Figueiredo
VSA, Silva DF, Lima EO. Análise
do efeito antifúngico da própolis
sobre espécies de Candida albicans
e não-albicans. Revista UNINGÁ
Review. 2017; 30(3):45-51.
Jacoby TS, Kuchenbecker RS, Dos Santos
RP, Magedanz L, Guzatto P, Moreira LB.
Impact of hospital-wide infection rate,
invasive procedures use and antimicrobial
consumption on bacterial resistance
inside an intensive care unit. Journal of
Hospital Infection. 2010;75(1):23-7.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Maria Luisa Makabe Luisa Makabe, Patricia de Souza Santos, Maria de Fátima Costa Pires
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
