Real-time PCR for Etiological Diagnosis of Bacterial Meningitis Associated to Staphylococus aureus
Keywords:
Bacterial meningitis, Real time PCR, Staphylococcus aureusAbstract
Data from the Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) shows that, in São Paulo, in 2010 the genus Staphylococcus was associated with 15 cases of bacterial meningitis confirmed by culture. The aim of this study was to analyze the frequency of meningitis associated with Staphylococcus aureus in São Paulo in 2010 by using real-time PCR (PCRTR) technique. We analyzed samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum from 1,214 patients with suspected bacterial meningitis. For the DNA extraction from the samples we used the commercial kit Nucleospin ® Blood (Macherey-Nagel). The PCR-TR reaction used the TaqMan® system, using the nuc gene, specific for S. aureus, as target. The specie S. aureus was associated with bacterial meningitis in 16 (1.3%) of the 1,214 cases analyzed. All these cases had at least one additional laboratorial test (gram stain, culture, counterimmunoelectrophoresis and/or latex agglutination test) performed and multiplex PCR-TR for Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae negative. None of these cases has been confirmed as associated with genus Staphylococcus in SINAN. The PCR-TR technique may represent an additional tool to culture for the etiologic diagnosis of meningitis associated with S. aureus, contributing to the increase in the number of bacterial meningitis cases of known etiology in São Paulo.
Downloads
Metrics
References
Aguilar J, Urday-Cornejo V, Donabedian S, Perry M, Tibbetts R, Zervos M. Staphylococcus aureus meningitis. Case series and literature review. Medicine. 2010;89(2):117-25.
Pintado V, Meseguer MA, Fortún J, Cobo J, Navas E, Quereda C, et al. Clinical study of 44 cases of Staphylococcus aureus meningitis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2002;21:864-8.
Rodrigues MM, Patrocínio SJ, Rodrigues MG. Staphylococcus aureus meningitis in children. A review of 30 communityacquired cases. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2000;58(3-B):843-51.
Jensen AG, Espersen F, Skinhoj P, Rosdahl VT, Frimodt-Moller N. Staphylococcus aureus meningitis: a review of 104 nationwide, consecutive cases. Arch Intern Med. 1993;153:1902-8.
Pedersen M, Benfield TL, Skinhoej P, Jensen AL. Haematogenous Staphylococcus aureus meningitis. A 10-year nationwide study of 96 consecutive cases. BMC Infect Dis. 2006;6:49.
Moreira M, Medeiros EAS, Pignatari AACC, Wey SB, Cardo DM. Efeito da infecção hospitalar da corrente sanguínea por Staphylococcus aureus resistente à oxacilina sobre a letalidade e o tempo de hospitalização. Rev Assoc Med Bras. 1998;44(4):263-8.
Centro de Vigilância Epidemiológica “Prof. Alexandre Vranjac” (CVE). Meningites/ Doença meningocócica. Dados estatísticos [base de dados na internet]. Disponível em http://www.cve.saude.sp.gov.br/htm/resp/ meni_dados.html.
Santos AL, Santos DO, Freitas CC, Ferreira BLA, Afonso IF, Rodrigues CR, et al. Staphylococcus aureus: visitando uma cepa de importância hospitalar. J Bras Patol Med Lab. 2007;43(6):413-23.
Guilarde AO, Turchi MD, Martelli CMT, Primo MGB. Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia: incidence, risk factors and predictors for death in a Brazilian teaching hospital. J Hosp Infect. 2006;63:330-6.
Elizaquível P, Aznar R. A multiplex RTi-PCR reaction for simultaneous detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella sp. and Staphylococcus aureus on fresh, minimally processed vegetables. Food Microbiol. 2008;25:705-13.
Emery SL, Erdman DD, Bowen MD, Newton BR, Winchell JM, Meyer RF, et al. Real-Time Reverse Transcription–Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for SARS-associated Coronavirus. Emerg Infect Dis. 2004;10:311-6.
Sacchi CT, Fukasawa LO, Gonçalves MG, Salgado MM, Shutt KA, Carvalhanas TR, et al. Incorporation of real-time PCR into routine public health surveillance of culture negative bacterial meningitis in São Paulo, Brazil. PLoS One. 2011;6(6):e 20675.
Kim KS. Acute bacterial meningitis in infants and children. Lancet Infect Dis. 2010;10:32-42.
Garg RK. Tuberculous meningitis. Acta Neurol Scand. 2010;122:75-90.
Instituto Adolfo Lutz. Introdução da PCR convencional e em tempo real para o diagnóstico laboratorial das meningites bacterianas no Instituto Adolfo Lutz. BEPA. 2007;4(40):24-7.
Silbert S, Rosa DD, Matte U, Goldim JR, Barcellos SH, Procianoy RS. Staphylococcus sp. coagulase-negativa em hemoculturas de pacientes com menos de sessenta dias de idade: infecção versus contaminação. J Pediatr (Rio J). 1997;73(3):161-5.
Hörner R, Catellan MP, Bertoncheli CM, Righi RA, Oliveira LO, Meneghetti B, et al. Perfil microbiológico das meningites em um hospital público universitário. Saúde. 2008;34a(1-2):22-6.
Kleeman KT, Bannerman TL, Kloos WE. Species distribution of coagulase negative Staphylococcal isolates at a community hospital and implications for selection of Staphylococcal identification procedures. J Clin Microbiol. 1993;31(5):1.318-21.
St. Geme III JW, Bell LM, Baumgart S, D'Angio CT, Harris MC. Distinguishing sepsis from blood culture contamination in young infants with blood cultures growing coagulase-negative staphylococci. Pediatrics. 1990;86(2):157-62.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2012 Priscilla Lima de Oliveira, Lucila Okuyama Fukasawa, Maristela Marques Salgado, Maria Gisele Gonçalves, Fábio Takenori Higa, Terezinha Pereira de Araújo, Bernadete Lourdes Liphaus, Cláudio Tavares Sacchi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
