Wildlife reservoirs of rabies virus: a new challenge to a public health
Keywords:
rabies, wildlife reservoirs, bats, canids, surveillanceAbstract
Human mortality from endemic canine rabies is estimated to be 55.000 deaths per year, especially in Asia and Africa. In Latin America the canine rabies was endemic until 1980, but recently had a frequency reduction of canine rabies virus and consequently in human. With the development of “Plan of Action for the Elimination of Urban Rabies” the wildlife animals has become epidemiologically important and can be a new challenge. The most common transmitters of rabies to humans were a vampire-bat Desmodus rotundus in the period 2004-2005 (68%). Besides of the three species of vampire-bats, whose the rabies virus were isolated, there are 33 other species of non-hematophagous-bat that were related infected with the same virus. Bats (order Chiroptera) and canids (order Carnivora) are recognized as wildlife reservoirs. In Northeastern Brazil, the disease have had high frequency in Cerdocyon thous (crab-eating fox) in parallel with another epidemiological cycle rabies virus in Callithrix jacchus (marmoset) which the disease distribution is unknown. The authors describe the disease's characteristics in bats and canids, the control strategies and emphasize the importance of antigenic and genetics studies as tool of epidemiological surveillance.
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Copyright (c) 2007 Ivanete Kotait, Maria Luiza Carrieri, Pedro Carnieli Júnior, Juliana Galera Castilho, Rafael de Novaes Oliveira, Carla Isabel Macedo, Karin Corrêa Scheffer Ferreira, Samira M. Achkar
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
