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técnicas analíticas
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Resumo
Os hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos (HPAs) constituem um grupo de compostos contendo dois ou mais anéis aromáticos condensados. Estes compostos são formados, principalmente, pela combustão incompleta da matéria orgânica. Os estudos em cobaias têm demonstrado que muito desses compostos, incluindo o benzo(a)pireno (BaP), são carcinogênicos e mutagênicos, sendo também considerados potencialmente genotóxicos e carcinogênicos para os humanos. O BaP é um dos HPAs mais estudados e é utilizado como indicador da presença de outros HPAs. Esse composto é um contaminante de ampla distribuição ambiental, presente em diversas matrizes, como solo, água, ar e alimentos. Na presente revisão são abordados os aspectos gerais dos HPAs, especialmente do BaP, assim como as metodologias analíticas publicadas desde a década de 1960. São apresentadas as modificações nos diferentes métodos de extração e nos solventes utilizados, as quais têm resultado numa significativa redução de tempo de análise, de volumes de solvente e de custo. São também discutidas as técnicas cromatográficas empregadas para a quantificação desses compostos, como CLAE e CGMS.
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Copyright (c) 2008 Miriam Solange Fernandes Caruso, Janete Alaburda