Resumo
O milho, no Brasil, tem um importante papel, tanto na nutrição humana quanto animal. Atualmente, o país é o terceiro maior produtor mundial, após Estados Unidos e China, tendo sua produção ficado, nos últimos anos, em torno de 48,3 milhões de toneladas. Em termos de distribuição geográfica, o milho é cultivado em diversas regiões do país, sendo a região Centro-Sul responsável por mais de 95% da produção. A importância não se restringe apenas ao seu volume, mas também ao papel sócio-econômico desempenhado, cuja produção e comercialização sustenta centenas de milhares de pessoas. A contaminação do milho por espécies de Fusarium, na etapa de pré-colheita, tem sido um problema sério em vários países. Espécies pertencentes a esse gênero possuem ampla distribuição na natureza e produzem micotoxinas, metabólitos secundários tóxicos. O fato, ressalta a importância de se compreender os processos de contaminação do milho brasileiro por F. verticillioides, principal espécie produtora de fumonisinas, visando o desenvolvimento de estratégias de controle capazes de minimizar as perdas econômicas e possíveis problemas à saúde humana e animal. A revisão propõe fornecer informações atuais sobre a microbiota fúngica de grãos de milho recém-colhido e sua interação com os fatores abióticos e presença de fumonisinas.Referências
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