Palavras-chave
Reference Material
Arsenic
Cadmium
Fish Flour
Como Citar
Resumo
Reference materials (RM) are tools used in the comparability and traceability of measurements. They are widely used by laboratories for method validation and quality control of assay. Chile must evaluate the performance of laboratories that analyzing metals in fishery products, despite RM have high prices and are scarce. For that reason, a RM in a hydrobiological product was developed. Reference values for arsenic and cadmium elements for a fishmeal were assigned. The measurement methods for characterization of the material were Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry, Atomic Absorption Spectrometry and Neutron Activation Analysis. Reference values with their expanded uncertainty (U) were established for arsenic 2.64 ± 0.42 mg/kg (U; k = 2) and for cadmium 0.86 ± 0.16 mg/kg (U; k = 2). Homogeneity and stability of the RM allowed its use in a proficiency test for eleven food control laboratories. Results for median were 2.114 mg/kg for arsenic, and 0.863 mg/kg for cadmium. The performance values of the participants were evaluated with a z score obtaining 60% satisfaction for arsenic and 73% for cadmium. The material demonstrated to be suitable for use in interlaboratory proficiency assay.
Referências
1. Rosas CO, Rodrigues JM, de la Cruz MHC, Lopes SMR, Souto ASS, Brandão MLL et al. Microbiological reference material (bacterial and fungal domains): definition, production rules, use and need for establishment in Brazil. Brazilian J Food Tech. 2019;22:e2017208. https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1981-6723.20817
2. Wiegers AL. The quality assurance of proficiency testing programs for animal disease diagnostic laboratories. J Vet Diagn Invest. 2004;16:255-63. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063870401600401
3. International Organization for Standardization (ISO). ISO 17034. General requirements for the competence of reference material producers. 1.ed. Geneva (Switzerland): ISO; 2016.
4. International Organization for Standardization (ISO). ISO/IEC 17025. General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories. 3.ed. Geneva (Switzerland): ISO; 2017.
5. Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (CONICYT). Los sectores pesca y acuicultura en Chile, Capacidades de investigación y áreas de desarrollo científico-tecnológico. [Internet]. Santiago, Chile; 2007 Jun. [cited 2020 Nov 30]. Available from: https://www.conicyt.cl/documentos/dri/ue/Pesca_Acuic_Fishery_Aquac_BD.pdf
6. Universidad de Chile. Encuesta Nacional de Consumo Alimentario: Informe final. [Internet]. Santiago, Chile: Facultad de Medicina – Centro de microdatos Facultad de economía y negocios, Universidad de Chile; 2011. [cited 2020 Nov 30]. Available from: http://web.minsal.cl/sites/default/files/ENCA-INFORME_FINAL.pdf
7. Ministerio de Salud de Chile (MINSAL). Decreto DTO Nº 977, 6 of august of 1996. Aprueba Reglamento Sanitario de los Alimentos. Santiago, Chile, 13 may 1997. Title IV, Section I. Available from: https://www.bcn.cl/leychile/navegar?idNorma=71271
8. Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC). General standard for contaminants and toxins in food and feed CXS 193-1995. Adopted in 1995 Revised in 2009. Amended in 2019. Annex II: 45-7. Available from: http://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/sh-proxy/es/?lnk=1&url=https%253A%252F%252Fworkspace.fao.org%252Fsites%252Fcodex%252FStandards%252FCXS%2B193-1995%252FCXS_193e.pdf
9. Emons H, Held A, Ulberth F. Reference materials as crucial tools for quality assurance and control in food analysis. Pure Appl Chem. 2006;78(1):135-43.
https://doi.org/10.1351/pac200678010135
10. International Organization for Standardization (ISO). ISO Guide 35. Reference materials - Guidance for characterization and assessment of homogeneity and stability. 4.ed. Geneva (Switzerland): ISO; 2017.
11. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Analysis of Foods for As, Cd, Cr, Hg and Pb by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS)-Current method CFSAN/ORS/DBC/CHCB. FDA Elemental Analysis Manual 2020; Section 4.7, p.2-25. [cited 2020 Nov 27]. Available from: https://www.fda.gov/media/87509/download
12. Munoz L, Andonie O, Kohnenkamp I. Use of reference materials for validating analytical methods applied to the determination of As, Co, Na, Hg, Se and Fe using neutron activation analysis. Second Scientific Meeting of Chilean Nuclear Energy Commission; 2000; Santiago (Chile): Abstracts. p. 54.
13. Gras N, Munoz L, Thieck M, Hurtado S. A study on some trace elements in Chilean seafood. J Radioanal Nucl Chem. 1993;169(1):247-53. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02046799
14. Ronco AM, Gutierrez Y, Gras N, Muñoz L, Salazar G, Llanos MN. Lead and arsenic levels in women with different body mass composition. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2010;136:269-78. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-009-8546-z
15. Scholz E. Karl Fischer Titration. Determination of Water. Chemical Laboratory Practice with Selected Applications. 1.ed. SpringerVerlag Berlin Heidelberg (NY): SpringerVerlag; 1984. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69989-4
16. Rivera J, Pérez M. Empleo del sistema potenciométrico Karl-Fischer en el desarrollo y la certificación de materiales de referencia. Simposio de Metrología of Centro Nacional de Metrología (CENAM); 2006; Querétaro (México). Abstracts. Available from: https://www.cenam.mx/memsimp06/Trabajos%20Aceptados%20para%20CD/Octubre%2025/Bloque%20A/A2-QUIMICA%20I-Materiales%20de%20Referencia/A2-3.pdf
17. Mettler Toledo. Good Titration Practice in Karl Fischer Titration. GTP® Brochure. Schwerzenbach (Switzerland); 2011: p. 5-37. [cited 2020 Nov 27]. Available from: https://www.tennysonlab.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/msp-06-002-kfgtp.pdf
18. Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology. JCGM 100:2008. Evaluation of Measurement data. Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM 1995 with minor corrections). 1.ed. Paris: BIPM; 2008. p.8-27.
19. Rodrigues J, Guimarães E, Sousa M, Silva V, Fraga IC, Souza V et al. Certified reference material to water content determination in bioethanol fuel. Quim Nova. 2015;35(5):1011-5. [cited 2020 Nov 30]. Available from:
http://www.scielo.br/pdf/qn/v35n5/a26v35n5.pdf
20. Van der Veen A, Linsinger TP, Schimmel H, Lamberty A, Pauwels P. Uncertainty calculations in the certification of reference materials 4. Characterisation and certification. Accred Qual Assur. 2001;6:290-4. https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00010459
21. International Organization for Standardization (ISO). ISO/IEC 17043. Conformity assessment - General requirements for proficiency testing. 1.ed. Geneva (Switzerland): ISO; 2010.
22. International Organization for Standardization (ISO). ISO 13528. Statistical methods for use in proficiency testing by interlaboratory comparison. 1.ed. Geneva (Switzerland); 2005.
23. Cote I, Robouch P, Robouch B, Bisson D, Gamache P, LeBlanc A et al. Determination of the standard deviation for proficiency assessment from past participant’s performances. Accred Qual Assur. 2012;17:389-93.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00769-012-0906-2
24. Miller JN. Analytical Methods Committee. AMC Technical Briefs. AMCTB. Using the Grubbs and Cochran tests to identify outliers. Anal Methods. 2015;7(19):7948-50. https://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ay90053k
25. Mair P, Von Eye A. Cochran’s C Test. In: Brian S. Everitt & David C. Howell, Editors. Encyclopedia of statistics in behavioral science. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons; 2009. p.316-7.
26. Powell J, Owen L. Reliability of food measurements: the application of proficiency testing to GMO analysis. Accred Qual Assur. 2002,7:392-402. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00769-002-0519-2
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2021 Soraya Sandoval, Karina González, Luis Humberto Muñoz