Palavras-chave
Lippia sidoides
Antimicrobial Agent
Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Como Citar
Resumo
Lippia sidoides Cham. has widespread use in folk medicine because its essential oil (EO) presents great antibacterial properties. In Brazil, this plant has been introduced in governmental programs for herbal medicine, due to its recognized therapeutic activities. This promoted greater interest in the search for new molecules with antimicrobial activity in this EO which have been described by several authors. Thus, this work aimed to present a study of the scientific production of antibacterial activity of the chemical compounds from L. sidoides essential oil (LSEO). The inclusion criteria were articles which assessed the chemical components and antibacterial activity through the inhibition diameter, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), and Minimal Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), published between 2000 and 2020. Of the 996 studies identified, 55 met the inclusion criteria. In descending order, the most frequently detected chemical components found in LSEO were: thymol, p-cymene, and caryophillene. Regarding to the origin, the results showed that the extraction of EO were carried out mainly in the Northeast (55.5%) and Southeast (19%) regions of Brazil; and the part of the plant most used for the production were the leaves. In addition, the essential oil showed strong antibacterial activity against most of the bacteria tested.
Referências
1. Bakkali F, Averbeck S, Averbeck D, Idaomar M. Biological effects of essential oils – a review. Food Chem Toxicol. 2008;46(2):446-75.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2007.09.106
2. Borges DF, Lopes EA, Moraes ARF, Soares MS, Visôtto LE, Oliveira CR et al. Formulation of botanicals for the control of plant-pathogens: A review. Crop Prot. 2018;110:135-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2018.04.003
3. Guimarães LGL, Silva MLM, Reis PCJ, Costa MTR, Alves LL. General characteristics, phytochemistry and pharmacognosy of Lippia sidoides. Nat Prod Commun. 2015;10(11):1861-5. https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X1501001116
4. Monteiro MVB, Melo Leite AKR, Bertini LM, Morais SM, Nunes-Pinheiro DCS Topical antiinflammatory, gastroprotective and antioxidant effects of the essential oil of Lippia sidoides Cham. leaves. J Ethnopharmacol. 2007;111(2):378-82 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2006.11.036
5. Monteiro CMO, Araújo LX, Gomes GA, Senra TOS, Calmon F, Daemon E et al. Entomopathogenic nematodes associated with essential oil of Lippia sidoides for control of Rhipicephalus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae). Parasitol Res. 2014;113(1):189-95.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-013-3643-5
6. Morais SR, Oliveira TL, Oliveira LP, Tresvenzol LM, Conceição EC, Rezende MH et al. Essential oil composition, antimicrobial and pharmacological activities of Lippia sidoides Cham. (Verbenaceae) from São Gonçalo do Abaeté, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Pharmacogn Mag. 2016;12(48):262-70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0973-1296.192197
7. Veras HNH, Rodrigues FFG, Colares AV, Menezes IRA, Coutinho HDM, Botelho MA et al. Synergistic antibiotic activity of volatile compounds from the essential oil of Lippia sidoides and thymol Fitoterapia. 2012;83(3):508-12.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2011.12.024
8. Santos CP, Oliveira TC, Pinto JAO, Fontes SS, Cruz EMO, Arrigoni-Blank MF et al. Chemical diversity and influence of plant age on the essential oil from Lippia sidoides Cham. germplasm. Ind Crops Prod. 2015;76(15):416-21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.07.017
9. Freires IA, Denny C, Benso B, Alencar SM, Rosalen, PL. Antibacterial activity of essential oils and their isolated constituents against cariogenic bacteria: a systematic review. Molecules. 2015;20(4):7329-58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules20047329
10. Van Vuuren S, Holl D. Antimicrobial natural product research: a review from a South Africa perspective
for the years 2009-2016, J Ethnopharmacol. 2017;208:236-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2017.07.011
11 Majolo C, Rocha SIB, Chagas EC, Chaves FCM, Bizzo HR. Chemical composition of Lippia spp. essential oil and antimicrobial activity against Aeromonas hydrophila. Aquac Res. 2017;48(5):2380-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/are.13073
12. Botelho MA, Nogueira NAP, Bastos GM, Fonseca SGC, Lemos TLG, Matos FJA et al. Antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from Lippia sidoides, carvacrol and thymol against oral pathogens. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2007;40(3):349-56. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-879X2007000300010
13. Castro CE, Ribeiro JM, Diniz TT, Almeida AC, Ferreira LC, Martins ER et al. Antimicrobial activity of Lippia sidoides Cham (Verbenaceae) essential oil against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Rev Bras Plantas Med. 2011;13(3):293-7.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-05722011000300007
14. Galvão LCC, Furletti VF, Bersan SMF, Cunha MG, Ruiz AL, Carvalho JE et al. Antimicrobial activity of essential oils against Streptococcus mutans and their antiproliferative effects. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012;2012:1-12,751435.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/751435
15. Oliveira FP, Lima EO, Siqueira Júnior JP, Souza EL, Santos BHC, Barreto HM. Effectiveness of Lippia sidoides Cham. (Verbenaceae) essential oil in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from clinical material. Rev Bras Farmacogn. 2006;16(4):510-6. https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-695X2006000400013
16. Veras HNH, Rodrigues FFG, Botelho MA, Menezes IRA, Coutinho HDM, Costa JGM. Enhancement of aminoglycosides and b-lactams antibiotic activity by essential oil of Lippia sidoides Cham. and the Thymol. Arab J Chem. 2017;10(Suppl. 2):S2790-5.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.10.030
17. Majolo C, Pilarski F, Chaves FCM, Bizzo HR, Chagas EC. Antimicrobial activity of some essential oils against Streptococcus agalactiae, an important pathogen for fish farming in Brazil. J Essent Oil Res. 2018;30(5):388-97. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1080/10412905.2018.1487343
18. Vázquez-Sánchez D, Galvão JA, Mazine MR, Gloria EM, Oetterer M. Control of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms by the application of single and combined treatments based in plant essential oils Int J Food Microbiol. 2018;286(2):128-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.08.007
19. Vázquez-Sánchez D, Galvão JA, Ambrosio CMS, Gloria EM, Oetterer M. Single and binary applications of essential oils effectively control Listeria monocytogenes biofilms Ind Crops Prod. 2018;121(1):452-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.05.045
20. Bersan SMF, Galvão LCC, Goes VFF, Sartoratto A, Figueira GM, Rehder VLG et al. Action of essential oils from Brazilian native and exotic medicinal species on oral biofilms. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2014;14(1):1-12,451. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-14-451
21. Baldim I, Tonani L, von Zeska Kress MR, Oliveira WP. Lippia sidoides essential oil encapsulated in lipid nanosystem as an anti-Candida agent. Ind Crops Prod. 2019;127:73-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.10.064
22. Cavalcanti ESB, Morais SM, Lima MAA, Santana EWP. Larvicidal activity of essential oils from Brazilian plants against Aedes aegypti L. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2004;99(5):541-4. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02762004000500015
23. Cavalcanti SCH, Niculau Edos S, Blank AF, Câmara CAG, Araujo IN, Alves PB. Composition and acaricidal activity of Lippia sidoides essential oil against two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch). Bioresour Technol. 2010;101(2):829-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.08.053
24. Guimarães LGL, Cardoso MG, Souza RM, Zarconi AB, Santos GR. Essential oil of Lippia sidoides native to Minas Gerais: composition, secretory structures and antibacterial activity. Rev Ciênc Agron. 2014;45(2):267-75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1806-66902014000200006
25. Morais SR, Oliveira TLS, Bara MTF, Conceição EC, Rezende MH, Ferri PH et al. Chemical constituents of essential oil from Lippia sidoides Cham. (Verbenaceae) leaves cultivated in Hidrolândia, Goiás, Brazil. Int J Anal Chem. 2012;2012:1-4,363919.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/363919
26. Carvalho CO, Chagas ACS, Cotinguiba F, Furlan M, Brito LG, Chaves FCM et al. The anthelmintic effect of plant extracts on Haemonchus contortus and Strongyloides venezuelensis. Vet Parasitol. 2012;183(3-4):260-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.07.051
27. Mota APP, Dantas JCP, Frota CC. Antimicrobial activity of essential oils from Lippia alba, Lippia sidoides, Cymbopogon citrates, Plectranthus amboinicus, and Cinnamomum zeylanicum against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Cienc Rural, Santa Maria. 2018;48(6):1-9,e20170697. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20170697
28. Sousa EMBD, Chiavone-Filho O, Moreno MT, Silva DN, Marques MOM, Meireles MAA. Experimental results for the extraction of essential oil from Lippia sidoides Cham. using pressurized carbon dioxide. Braz J Chem Eng. 2002;19:229-41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0104-66322002000200003
29. Costa JGM, Rodrigues FFG, Angélico EC, Silva MR, Mota ML, Santos NKA et al. Estudo químicobiológico dos óleos essenciais de Hyptis martiusii, Lippia sidoides e Syzigium aromaticum frente às larvas do Aedes aegypti. Rev Braz Pharmacog. 2005;15(4):304-9.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-695X2005000400008
30. Fontenelle ROS, Morais SM, Brito EHS, Kerntopf MR, Brilhante RSN, Cordeiro RA et al. Chemical composition, toxicological aspects and antifungal activity of essential oil from Lippia sidoides Cham. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2007;59(5):934-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkm066
31. Camurça-Vasconcelos ALF, Bevilaqua CML, Morais SM, Maciel MV, Costa CTC, Macedo ITF et al. Anthelmintic activity of Croton zehntneri and Lippia sidoides essential oils. Vet Parasitol. 2007;148 (3-4):288-94. https:doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.06.012
32. Girão VCC, Nunes-Pinheiro DCS, Morais SM, Sequeira JL, Gioso MA. A clinical trial of the effect of a mouth-rinse prepared with Lippia sidoides Cham. essential oil in dogs with mild gingival disease. Prev Vet Med. 2003;59(1-2):95-102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-5877(03)00051-5
33. Oliveira VCS, Moura DMS, Lopes JAD, Andrade PP, Silva NH, Figueiredo RCBQ. Effects of essential oils from Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf., Lippia sidoides Cham. and Ocimum gratissimum L. on growth and ultrastructure of Leishmania chagasi promastigotes. Parasitol Res. 2009;104(5):1053-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-008-1288-6
34. Lima RK, Cardoso MG, Morais JC, Carvalho SM, Rodrigues VG, Guimarães LGL. Chemical composition and fumigant effect of essential oil of Lippia sidoides Cham. and monoterpenes against Tenebrio molitor (L.) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Ciênc Agrotec. 2011;35(4):664-71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1413-70542011000400004
35. Medeiros MGF, Silva AC, Citó AMGL, Borges AR, Lima, SG, Lopes JAD et al. In vitro antileishmanial activity and cytotoxicity of essential oil from Lippia sidoides Cham. Parasitol Int. 2011;60(3):237-41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.parint.2011.03.004
36. Borges AR, Aires JRA, Higino TMM, Medeiros MGF, Citó AMGL, Lopes JAD et al. Trypanocidal and cytotoxic activities of essential oils from medicinal plants of Northeast of Brazil. Exp Parasitol. 2012;132(2):123-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2012.06.003
37. Farias-Junior PA, Rios MC, Moura TA, Almeida RP, Alves PB, Blank AF et al. Leishmanicidal activity of carvacrol-rich essential oil from Lippia sidoides Cham. Biol Res. 2012; 45(4):399-402. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0716-97602012000400012
38. Gomes GA, Monteiro CMO, Senra TOS, Zeringota V, Calmon F, Matos RS et al. Chemical composition and acaricidal activity of essential oil from Lippia sidoides on larvae of Dermacentor nitens (Acari: Ixodidae) and larvae and engorged females of Rhipicephalus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae). Parasitol Res. 2012;111(6):2423-30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-012-3101-9
39. Marco CA, Teixeira E, Simplício A, Oliveira C, Costa J, Feitosa J. Chemical composition and allelopathic activity of essential oil of Lippia sidoides Cham. Chilean J Agric Res. 2012;72(1):157-60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-58392012000100025
40. Mota ML, Lobo LTC, Costa JGM, Costa LS, Rocha HA, Rocha e Silva LF et al. In vitro and In vivo antimalarial activity of essential oils and chemical components from three medicinal plants found in Northeastern Brazil. Planta Med. 2012;78(7):658-64.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1298333
41. Rondon FC, Bevilaqua CM, Accioly MP, Morais SM, Andrade-Junior HF, Carvalho CA et al. In vitro efficacy of Coriandrum sativum, Lippia sidoides and Copaifera reticulata against Leishmania chagasi. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet. 2012;21(3):185-91.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-29612012000300002
42. Carvalho RR, Laranjeira D, Filho JLSC, Souza PE, Blank AF, Alves PB et al. In vitro activity of essential oils of Lippia sidoides and Lippia gracilis and their major chemical components against Thielaviopsis paradoxa, causal agent of stem bleeding in coconut palms. Quím Nova. 2013;36(2): 241-4. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-40422013000200007
43. Lima GPG, Souza TM, Freire GP, Farias DF, Cunha AP, Silva NMP et al. Further insecticidal activities of essential oils from Lippia sidoides and Croton species against Aedes aegypti L. Parasitol Res. 2013;112(5):1953-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-013-3351-1
44. Aquino CF, Sales NLP, Soares EPS, Martins ER. Chemical characterization and action of essential oils in the management of anthracnose on passion fruits. Rev Bras Frutic. 2012;34(4):1059-67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0100-29452012000400012
45. Gomes GA, Monteiro CMO, Julião LS, Maturano R, Senra TOS, Zeringóta V et al. Acaricidal activity of essential oil from Lippia sidoides on unengorged larvae and nymphs of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Acari: Ixodidae) and Amblyomma cajennense (Acari: Iodide). Exp Parasitol. 2014;(137):41-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2013.12.003
46. Oliveira MLM, Bezerra BMO, Leite LO, Girão VCC, Nunes-Pinheiro DCS. Topical continuous use of Lippia sidoides Cham. essential oil induces cutaneous inflammatory response, but does not delay wound healing process. J Ethnopharmacol. 2014;153(1):283-9.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.02.030
47. Zillo RR, Silva PPM, Oliveira J, Glória EM, Spoto MHF. Carboxymethylcellulose coating associated with essential oil can increase papaya shelf life. Sci Hortic. 2018;239(15):70-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2018.05.025
48. Brito DIV, Morais-Braga MFB, Cunha FAB, Albuquerque RS, Carneiro JNP, Lima MSF et al. Análise fitoquímica e atividade antifúngica do óleo essencial de folhas de Lippia sidoides Cham. e do Timol contra cepas de Candida spp. Rev Bras Plantas Med. 2015;17(4):836-44. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-084X/14_060
49. Lobo PLD, Fonteles CSR, Marques LARV, Jamacaru FVF, Fonseca SGC, Carvalho, CBM et al. The efficacy of three formulations of Lippia sidoides Cham. essential oil in the reduction of salivary Streptococcus mutans in children with caries: a randomized, double-blind, controlled study. Phytomedicine. 2014;21(8-9):1043-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2014.04.021
50. Chagas ACS, Oliveira MCS, Gigliotia R, Santana RCM, Bizzo HR, Gama PE et al. Efficacy of 11 Brazilian essential oils on lethality of the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2016;7(3):427-32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2016.01.001
51. Soares BV, Neves LR, Ferreira DO, Oliveira MSB, Chaves FCM, Chagas EC et al. Antiparasitic activity, histopathology and physiology of Colossoma macropomum (tambaqui) exposed to the essential oil of Lippia sidoides (Verbenaceae). Vet Parasitol. 2017;234:49-56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.12.012
52. Oliveira AP, Santana AS, Santana EDR, Lima APS, Ruan RN, Faro RS et al. Nanoformulation prototype of the essential oil of Lippia sidoides and thymol to population management of Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Ind Crop Prod. 2017;107(15):198- 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.05.046
53. Santos AA, Oliveira BMS, Melo CR, Lima APS, Santana EDR, Blank AF et al. Sub-lethal effects of essential oil of Lippia sidoides on dry wood termite Cryptotermes brevis (Blattodea: Termitoidea). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2017;145:436-41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.07.057
54. Pinto NOF, Rodrigues THS, Pereira RCA, Silva LMA, Cáceres CA, Azeredo HMC et al. Production and physico-chemical characterization of nanocapsules of the essential oil from Lippia sidoides Cham. Ind Crops Prod. 2016;86:279-88.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.04.013
55. Bacci L, Lima JKA, Araujo APA, Blank AF, Silva IMA, Santos AA et al. Toxicity, behavior impairment, and repellence of essential oils from pepper-rosmarin and patchouli to termites. Entomol Exp Appl. 2015;156(1): 66-76. https://doi.org/10.1111/eea.12317
56. Silva LL, Silva DT, Garlet QI, Cunha MA, Mallmann CA, Baldisserotto B et al. Anesthetic activity of Brazilian native plants in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen). Neotrop Ichthyol. 2013;11(2):443-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1679-62252013000200014
57. Gomide M, Lemos F, Reis D, José G, Lopes M, Machado MA et al. Identification of dysregulated microRNA expression and their potential role in the antiproliferative effect of the essential oils from four different Lippia species against the CT26.WT colon tumor cell line. Rev Bras Farmacogn. 2016;26(5):627-33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2016.04.003
58. Lima JKA, Albuquerque ELD, Santos ACC, Oliveira AP, Araújo APA, Blank AF et al. Biotoxicity of some plant essential oils against the termite Nasutitermes corniger (Isoptera: Termitidae). Ind Crops Prod. 2013;47:246-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.03.018
59. Gomide MS, Lemos FO, Lopes MTP, Alves TMA, Viccini LF, Coelho CM. The effect of the essential oils from five different Lippia species on the viability of tumor cell lines. Rev Bras Farmacogn. 2013;23(6):895-902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-695X2013000600006
60. Figueiredo MB, Gomes GA, Santangelo JM, Pontes EG, Azambuja P, Garcia ES et al. Lethal and sublethal effects of essential oil of Lippia sidoides (Verbenaceae) and monoterpenes on Chagas’ disease vector Rhodnius prolixus. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro. 2017;112(1):63-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760160388
61. Santos IGA, Scher R, Rott MB, Menezes LR, Costa EV, Cavalcanti SCH et al. Amebicidal activity of the essential oils of Lippia spp. (Verbenaceae) against Acanthamoeba polyphaga trophozoites. Parasitol Res. 2016;115(2):535-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-015-4769-4
62. Brasil EM, Figueiredo AB, Cardoso L, de Santos MQC, de Bertaghila EA, Furtado WE et al. In vitro and In vivo antiparasitic action of essential oils of Lippia spp. in koi carp (Cyprinus carpio) fed supplemented diets. Braz J Vet Pathol. 2019;12(3):88-100.
https://doi.org/10.24070/bjvp.1983-0246.v12i3p88-100
63. Dias LRC, Santos ARB, Filho ERP, Silva PHS, Sobrinho CA. Study of essential oil from Lippia sidoides Cham. (alecrim pimenta) for control of Macrophomina phaseolina in cowpea. Rev Cuba Plantas Medicinales. 2019;24(1):1-17.
64. Fernandes LP, Oliveira WP, Sztatisz J, Novák Cs. Thermal properties and release of Lippia sidoides essential oil from gum arabic/maltodextrin microparticles. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2008; 94(2):461-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-008-9170-4
65. Barbosa R, Cruz-Mendes Y, Silva-Alves KS, Ferreira-da-Silva FW, Ribeiro NM, Morais LP et al. Effects of Lippia sidoides essential oil, thymol, p-cymene, myrcene and caryophyllene on rat sciatic nerve excitability. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2017;50(12):1-6,e6351.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1414-431X20176351
66. Araújo JMS, Siqueira ACP, Blank AF, Narain N, Santana LCLA. A cassava starch-chitosan edible coating enriched with Lippia sidoides Cham. essential oil and pomegranate peel extract for preservation of italian tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) stored at room temperature. Food PBioproc Tech. 2018;11(9):1750-60. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-018-2139-9
67. Benelli L, Souza CRF, Oliveira WP. Spouted bed performance on drying of an aromatic plant extract. Powder Technol. 2013;239:59-71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2013.01.058
68. Costa AS, Arrigoni-Blank MF, Blank AF, Mendonça AB, Amancio VF, Ledo AS. Estabelecimento de alecrim-pimenta in vitro Hortic Bras. 2007;25(1):68-72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-05362007000100013
69. Melo MTP, Ribeiro JM, Meira MR, Figueiredo LS, Martins ER. Essential oil content of pepper-rosmarin as a function of harvest time. Cienc Rural. 2011;41(7):1166-9. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-84782011000700010
70. Marchese A, Orhan IE, Daghia M, Barbieri R, Di Lorenzo A, Nabavi SF et al. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of thymol: a brief review of the literature. Food Chem. 2016;210(1):402-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.04.111
71. Marchese A, Arciola CR, Barbieri R, Silva AS, Nabavi SF, Tsetegho Sokeng AJ et al. Update on monoterpenes as antimicrobial agents: a particular focus on p-Cymene. Materials (Basel). 2017;10(8):1-15,947. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma10080947
72. Liu H, Yang G, Tang Y, Cao D, Qi T, Qi Y et al. Physicochemical characterization and pharmacokinetics evaluation of β- caryophyllene/β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex. Int J Pharm. 2013;450(1-2):304-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.04.013
73. Morais LAS Influência dos fatores abióticos na composição química dos óleos essenciais. 49 Congresso Brasileiro de Olericultura; Águas de Lindóia, SP: Hortic Bras. 2009;27(Supl 2):S4050-63.
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2021 Ana Lúcia Penteado