Abstract
For the last twenty years the literature dealing with the presence of bacterial inhibitors in milk and its derivatives has been increasing steadily. Bacterial inhibitors in milk may be originated either from antibiotics given to the cows or from chemical treatment of the pipeline. In 1959, Food & Drug Administration, U. S. A., declared undesirable the presence of penicillin in milk dairy products since it may cause chronic or recurrent dermatosis. Nation wide research programs demonstrated different levels of antibiotic in milk and derivatives. The presence of bacterial inhibitors may, further, lead to errors in standard tests carried out in milk such as reductase test, bacterial counts, acidity test, etc. Milk containing inhibitors may respond satisfactorily to routine tests, in spite of being highly infected in its source. On the other hand, milk produced under hygienic conditions may yield less satisfactory results in such tests. The inhibitors may influence the normal flora metabolic capacity decreasing acid production and therefore affecting adversely the industrialization of milk. In Brazil there has been practically no research programs carried out with the purpose to detect the presence of such inhibitors, mainly penicillin, in milk and dairy products. One thousand samples of milk (type C) from São Paulo have been tested by means of tests that can be read after 2h30m to 3h30m. In 9% of the samples, inhibitors were found and penicillin levels between 0.05 to 0.5 U. I./ml were found in 1,9% of the samples.
References
1. MARTH, E. H, & ELLICKSON, B, E. Antibiotic resídúes in milk and mllk products A revíew. J, Milk Fd. Technol. 22:241-249, 1959.
2. MARTH, E. H. - Antíbíottcs ín milk A revíew. Recent developments. J. Milk Fd. Technol. 24:36-44, 1961.
3. VAID, M. Y. et alii - Penlcljltn levels in milk rottowíng ~ parenteral administration or prócaíne penicillin G. J. Milk Fd. TechnoI. 24:7-10, 1961.
4. LASSITER, C. A._ Present status or feeding antíbíotícs to lactating dairy cows, J. Daíry Sei. 46:346-350, 1963.
5. PROUTY, C. C. - Further observations of penicillin levels in miIk following intramuscular and intrauterine administration. J. Milk Fd. Technol. 24: 356-357, 1961.
6. SCHIPPER, I. A.; FILIPOVS, D. & EBELTOFT, H. - Penicillactia following Intramuscular administration of penicillins. J. Milk Fd: Technol. 28:1-4, 1965.
7. AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIA'rrox; Council on Drugs - Penicillin and on antíbíottcs in milk: report J. Am. Med. Assoe. 171:135-137, 1959.
8. MARTH, E. H, & ELLICKSON, B. E. - Probterns created by the presence of antibiotics in milk and milk products - A revíew, J. Milk Fd. Technol. 22 :266-272, 1959.
9. STOLTZ,E. L & HANKINSON, D. J. - The effects of antibiotics in milk on the human intestinal coliform bacteria. J. Mnk Fd. Technol. 17:76-78, 1954.
10. ERSKINE, D. - Dermatitis caused by penicillin in milk. Lancet 1(1) :431-432, 1958.
11.VICKERS, H. R; BAGATUNI, L. & SUZANNE, A. - Derrnat ítts caused by penicillin in milk. Lancet 1(1) :351-352, 1958.
12. AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, Council on Drugs - Penicillin and other antibiotics in mUk: reporto J. Am. Med. Assoe. 171:135-137, 1959.
13. ZIMMERMAN, M. C. - Chroníc penicillin urticaria from dairy products, proved by penicillinase cures. Archs. Derm. Shyph. 79:1-6, 1959.
14. SHAHANI, K. M. - The effect of heart and storage on the stabtltty of Aureomycín in mük, butter and water. J. Dairy S
15. HANSEN, H. C., WIGGINS, G. E. & BOYD, J. C. - Modern methods of mastitis treatment cause trouble in the manufacturing of fermented darry products. J. Milk Fd. Technol. 13: 359, 365, 1950.
16. KOSIKOWSKY, F. V.; HENNINGSON, R W. & SILVERMAN, G. J. - The íncidence of antibiotics, sutra drugs and quarternary ammonium compourids in the fluid milk suply .or New York State. J. Da íry Cci. 35:533-539,1962.
17. MARTH, E. H, - Antibiotics in milk - A review. lI. Methodsfor detection of antibiotics ín milk. J. Milk Fd. Technol. 24:70-82, 1961.
18. BERRIDGE,. N.J. -r-:- Penicillin in mük: H'I, The effect on Iow concentratíon of penicillin on the rate of acid production by starter cultures. J. Dairy Res. 23:348-354, 1956.
19. WHITEHEAD, H. R & LANE, D. J. - The influense of penicillin on the manufacture and repetning of cheddar cheese. J. Daíry Res. 23:355-360, 1956.
20. RICHARDS, R. J.; KENNEDY, H. E. & GOPLD, I. A. - Antibiotics resístence and acid production among starter cultures belonging to the genus Streptococcus. J. Milk Fd. Technol. 24:317-320, 1961.
21. SHIVELER, G. & WEISER, H. effect of selected antibiotics upon the survival of microorganisms in raw and pasteurized miliks. J. Milk Fd. Technol. 16 :125-127, 1953.
22. STOLZ, K I. & HANKINSON, D. J. - The effects or antíbíottcs on the bacterial pla te counts of normal raw milk. J. Milik Fd. Technol. 16:157-159, 166, 1953.
23. WECKEL, K. G. - Aspects of pesticides and antibiotics as they relate to the dairy índustry. J. Milk Fd. Technol. 23:277-280, 1960.
24. RICHARDSON, L. A. & FOTER, M. J. - Pesticides and the food supply. J. Milk Fd. Technol. 29:148-155, 1956.
25. BRASIL. Divisão de Inspecção de Produtos de Origem Animal. Regulamento da Inspecção Industrtal e Sanitária de Produtos de Origem animal. (Aprovado pelo Decreto 30.691 de março de 1952). Rio de Janeiro, Ministério da Agricultura, 1952.
26. BRASIL. Divisão de Inspecção de Produtos de Origem Animal. Decreto nº 1255 de 25 de junho de 1962. Altera o Decreto 30.691, de 29 de março de 1952, que aprovou o Regulamento da Inspeção Industrial e Sanitária de Produtos de Origem Animal. Rio de Janeiro, Ministério da Agricultura, 1962.
27. CUIDADOS com a alimentação Pública. Boletim Informativo da Associação Paulista de Medicina, junho, 1966.
28. AMERICAN PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOCIATION - Stardard methods for the examination of daíry products. 11 ed. New York, A. P. H. A., 1960.
29. MILK INDUSTRY FOUNDATION - Laboratory manual of analysís of milk and its products. Washington, D. C., Milk Industry Foundation, 1959.
30. SILVERMAN, G. & KOSIKOWSKY, F. V. - Systemattc testíng of ínhíbttory substances in milk. J. Milk Fd. Technol. 15:120-124, 1952.
31. INSTITUTO ADOLFO LUTZ - Métodos de análises bromatoIógicas. r. Análise químicas. São Paulo, Rev. Tribunais, 1951.
32. NOVELLI, A. - Quimica Organica. Buenos Aires, El Ateneo, 1959. v. 3: p. 351-353.
33. WITTER, L. D. & TUCKEY, S. Variable ractors in the .new test for penicillin in miIk. J. Milk Fd. Technol. 23 :230-233, 1960.
34. ARRET, B. & KIRSHBAUM, A. - A rapid disc assay method for detecting penicillin in milk. J. Milk Fd. Technol. 22: 329-331, 1959.
35. SHAHANI, K. M. - Factors affecting the visual method of detecting antibiotics in mi1k. J. Dafry Sei. 42:912-915, 1959.
36. XIMENES, J. - Prova de sensibilidade antibiótica. Caderno Terap. 6(5) :266-267, 1965.
37. MELLO FILHO, A. - O leite: colímetrta, fosfatasimetria e contagem global. Rev. Inst. Adolfo Lutz 20:129~160, 1960.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 1965 Instituto Adolfo Lutz Journal
Downloads
