Keywords
gas gangrene
Clostridium perfringens type A antitoxin
antigens, bacterial
horses, immunization
antitoxins, gas gangrene C. perfringens
Clostridium perfringens type A antitoxin
antigens, bacterial
horses, immunization
antitoxins, gas gangrene C. perfringens
How to Cite
1.
Silva MA da, Ilzuka H, Oliveira EPT de, Higashi HG, Rolim-Rosa R. Production of Clostridium perfringens type A antitoxin, on industrial scale. Rev Inst Adolfo Lutz [Internet]. 1981 Jun. 30 [cited 2024 May 19];41(1):1-8. Available from: https://periodicos.saude.sp.gov.br/RIAL/article/view/36986
Abstract
A method is described for the preparation of Clostridium perfringens type A antitoxin, on industrial scale, by the hyperimmuniza.tion of horses with mixed alum-adsorbed antigen. With the use of the immunization method idealized in laboratory of Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, an antigangrenous
Cl. perfringens type A antitoxin was obtained with a dos age of about 2'00 lU Iml, a titre that after concentration by .Pope's method, increased to antitoxic Ievels of 850 to 1.000 lU Iml. The purified and concentrated antitoxin was conveniently diluted to constitute a polyvalent gas gangrene antitoxin.
References
1. BARR, M. & GLENNY, A.T. - Some practícal applications of immunological pr inciples, J. Hyg., Camb., 44: 135-42, 1945.
2. BIER, O.G. - Bacteriologia e imunologia e suas aplicações à medicina e higiene. 18. a ed. São Paulo, Melhoramentos, 1977.
3. BITTNER, J.; OLARU, A.; POP, A.; POTORAC, E.; VOINESCO, V.; FICIU, E.
& OPRISAN, R. - Hyperimmunisation tétravalente des chevaux producteurs de sérum antigangréneux. 1. Hyperirnmunisation successive. Arch. roum. Path. exp. Microbiol., 23 :253-60, 1964.
4. BITTNER, J.; STAVRI, D. & FICIU, S. - Méthode simple pour l'obtention constante d'une alpha-toxine perfringens a titre élevé. 11. Rôle de Ia combinaison de glu- cides et de Ia température d'incubation. Arch. roum. Path. exp. Microbiol., 23: 1037-44, 1964.
5. BITTNER, J.; ANDERLEANU, J. & CHERCIU, I. - Traitment complexe de Ia gangrene gazeuse. V. Efíec du sérum antigangréneux polyvalen t sur l'infection tétravalente du cobaye, réalisée d'aprês un
modele expérimental propre. Arch. roum. Path. exp. Mierobiol., 30:45-57, 1971.
6. BOYD, M.J.; LOGAN, M.A. & TYTELL, A.A. - The growth requirements aí Cloeiridium perfringens (Welchii) BP6K. J. biol. Chem., 174: 1013-25, 1948.
7. BUCHANAN, R.E. Bergey's manual riology. 8th ed. Wilkins, 1974.
& GIBBONS, N.E. 01 determinative bacteriology. 8 ed.-Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins, 1094.
8. BURROWS, W.; MOULDER, J. W. & LEWERT, R.M. - Tratado de Microbiologia. 18 ed. Mexico, Edit. Interamericana, 1965. p.
9. EVANS. D.G .. - The protective properties of the alpha antitoxin and antihyaluronidase occurring in Cl. welchii type A antiserum.
J. Path. _Bact., 55 :427-34, 1943.
10. EVANS, D.&. ~ The treatment wi th an titoxin of experimental gas gangrene produced in guinea-pigs by (a) C!. welchii, (b) Cl. oedematiens and (c) Cl. septicum. Brit. J. exp, Path., 26: 104-11, 1945.
11. FARMACOPÉIA dos Estados Unidos do Brasil; oficializada pelo Governo Federal pelo Decreto nº 45.502 de 27 de fevereiro de 1959. 2.a ed. São Paulo, Siqueira, 1959.
12. FREDETTE, V. & FRAPPIER, A. - Recherches sur I'immunité dans Ia gangrene gazeuse. I. Valeu r comparative des sérums antiperfringens de type antitoxique et de type mixte antitoxique-antibactérien. Rev,
canad. Biol., 5 :436-41, 1946.
13. FREDETTE, V. & FRAPPIER, A. - Recherches sur l'immunité dans Ia gangrene gazeuse. n. Action déchainante de filtrats non-toxíques de cultures de Clostridium perfringens dans Ia gangrene gazeuse experimentale. Rev, canad. Biol., 5 :428-35, 1946.
14. FURLANETTO, R.S. - Estudos sobre a preparação do soro amtiloxoecélico, São Paulo, 1961. p. 64-5. [Tese - Faculdade de Farmácia e Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo]
15. GUILLAUMIE, M. - Détermination du titre antitoxique des sérums anti-perfringens A, anti-vibrion septique, anti-histolytique et anti-oedematiens. Préparation, titrage et propriétés des toxines correspondantes. Contribution a l'étude de Ia toxine du Bac. perfringens. A. Ann. Inst. Pasteur, Paris, 66 :204-47, 1941.
16. GUILLAUMIE, M. - Détermination du titre antitoxique des sérums anti-perfringens A, anti-vibrion septique, anti-histolytique
et anti-oedematiens. Préparation, titrage et propriétés des toxines correspondantes. Contribution a I'étude de Ia toxine de Bac.
perfringens A. 'I'oxígenêse dans différents milieux. Ann. Inst. Pasteur, 66:329-78, 1941.
17. GUILLAUMIE, M.; KREGUER, A. & FABRE, M. - Proprietés et composition de Ia toxine de Welchia perfringens. 1. Actíon
hémolytique. Ann. Inst. Pasteur, 72: 12-37, 1946.
18. HAMSA. W.R. & BURNEY Jr., D.W. - Gas gangrene infection: combined treatment including 3.432.000 International Units of polyvalent gas gangrene antitoxin. Nebraska medo J., 51 :85-9, 1966.
19. HIGASHI, H.G.; IIZUKA, H.; OLIVEIRA, E.P.T. & SILVA, M.A. - Preparação do soro antibotulínico tipo B, pela hiperimunização de cavalos, no Instituto Butantan. Mem. Inst. Butantan, 42/43:77-85,
1978/79.
20. HOLDEMAN, L.V. & MO ORE, W.E.C. - - Anaerebe Laboratory manual. 3rd • cd, Blacksbury, Va., Virginia Polytechnic
Institute/State University, 1975.
21. ITO, A. - Alpha toxoid of Clostridium perfringens. n. Immunogenicity of the toxoid. Jap. J. med. Sci. Biol., 23:21-30, 1970.
22. LARCAN, A.; LAPREVOTE-HEULLY, M.C. & LAMBERT, H. - La gangrene gazeuse. Aspects étiologiques, cliniques et thérapeutiques d'actualité. New, Presse med., 3:2493-6, 1974.
23. LOGAN, M.A.; TYTELL, A.A.; DANIELSON, I.S. & GRINER, A.M. - Production of Clostridium perfringens alpha toxin. J. lmmunol., 51 :317-28,1945.
24. MACFARLANE, M.G. & KNIGHT, B.C.J.G. - The biochemistry of bacterial toxins. I. The lecithinase activity of Cl. welchii toxina, Biochem: J., 35: 884-902, 1941.
25. MACFARLANE, M.G. - The therapeutic value of gas-gangrene antitoxin. Brit. med. J., 2:636-40, 1943.
26. MACLENNAN, J.D. - The histotoxic clostridial infections of mano Bacteriol. Rev., 26:177-276, 1962.
27. Mé)LLBY, R.; HOLME, T.; NORD, C.E.; SMYTH, C.J. & WADSTROM, T. - Production of phospholipase C (alpha-toxin), haemolysis and letal toxins by Clo8tridium perfringens types A to D. J. gen. Microbiol., 96:137-44, 1976.
28. NAGLER, F.P.O. - Treatment of experimental gas gangrene due to Clost ridium. welchii with penicillin and antitoxin. Brit. J. etep, Path., 26 :57-63, 1945.
29. NORD; C.E.; MOLLBY, R.; SMYTH, C. WADSTROM, T. - Formation of ph ospholípase C and theta-haemolysin in pre-reduced media in batch and continous culture of Clostridium perfringens type A. J. gen. Microbiol., 84:117-27, 1974.
30. OLIVEIRA, E.P.T. - Estudos sobre a preparação do soro antibotulínico tipo A. Mem. Inst: Butantan, 36: 1-40, 1972.
31. OWEN-SMITH, M.S. Antibiotics and antitoxin therapy in the prophylaxis of experimental gas gangrene. Brit. J. Surg., 55 :43-5, 1968.
32. POPE, G. - Disaggregation of proteins by enzymes. Brit. J. exp, Path., 19:245-51, 1938.
33. PREVOT, A.R. - Biologie de maladies duee aux anaérobies. Paris, Flammarion, 1955. p. 227-318.
34. REY CALERO, J. - Microbiologia e immunobiolo·gia de Ias enfermedades infecciosas. Madrid, Marban, 1976. p. 359-72.
35. SOUTO, A.B. & RIVAROLA, J.B. - Preparación deI suero antigangrenoso. I. Preparación del suero antiperfringens. Mem. Inst. Butantan, 12 :393-433, 1938/39.
36. SOUTO, A.E. & FURLANETTO, R.S. - Investigação sobre o conteúdo de antitoxina do soro antigangrenoso. Rev, Inst. Adolfo Lutz, 5:353-74, 1945.
37. TAROZZI, G. - Oservasioni sulla natura del fenomeni che determinaro Ia esigenza anaerobia nella culture dei germe anae-
robía. Atti Acead. Fisiocr., Siena, 17: 1901-7. 1907.
38. TYTELL, A.A.; LOGAN, M.A.; TYTELL, A.G. & TEPPER, J. - Immunization of humans and anírnals with gas gangrene toxoids. J. Immunol., 55:233-44, 1947.
39. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION AND WELFARE. National Institutes of Health. Minimum requiremente: Gas gangrene group 01 antitoxins. Bethesda, Maryland, 1947.
40. VAN HEYNINGEN, W.E. - Bacterial toxins. Oxford, Blackwell, 1950. p. 23-42.
41. VINET, G.; FORGET, A. & FREDETTE, V. - Influence du glucose sur Ia formation du facteur déchainant et de Ia toxine par Welchia perfringens type A en bouillon VF. Ann. Inst. Pasteur, Paris, 97 :237-41,
1959.
42. VIRENQUE, Ch. - Traitement de Ia gangrene gazeuse. Ann. Anesthesiol. [ranç., 16: 1-4, 1975.
43. WADSWORTH, A.B. - Standard methods of ihe Division of Laboratories and Research 01 the New York State Department o] Health. 3rd ed. Baltimore, Williarns & Wilkins, 1947.
44. WEINBERG, M. & GUILLAUMIE, M. Obtention rapide, avec des antígênes englobes dans Ia lanoline, de sérums antigangréneux de titre antitoxique três élevé. C. r. Séanc. Soc. Biol., 124:518-21, 1937.
45. WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION Expert Commettee on Biological Standardization. Genêve, 1971. Tech. rep, ser. 463.
46. YAMAMOTO, A.; ITO, A.; MURATA, R.; UEMATSU, N.; NAGAI, K. & MIINOMO, K. - Hyperimmunization of horses with alpha toxoid of Clostridium perfrinçens, Jap. J. med. Sci. Biol., 23: 111-5, 1970.
2. BIER, O.G. - Bacteriologia e imunologia e suas aplicações à medicina e higiene. 18. a ed. São Paulo, Melhoramentos, 1977.
3. BITTNER, J.; OLARU, A.; POP, A.; POTORAC, E.; VOINESCO, V.; FICIU, E.
& OPRISAN, R. - Hyperimmunisation tétravalente des chevaux producteurs de sérum antigangréneux. 1. Hyperirnmunisation successive. Arch. roum. Path. exp. Microbiol., 23 :253-60, 1964.
4. BITTNER, J.; STAVRI, D. & FICIU, S. - Méthode simple pour l'obtention constante d'une alpha-toxine perfringens a titre élevé. 11. Rôle de Ia combinaison de glu- cides et de Ia température d'incubation. Arch. roum. Path. exp. Microbiol., 23: 1037-44, 1964.
5. BITTNER, J.; ANDERLEANU, J. & CHERCIU, I. - Traitment complexe de Ia gangrene gazeuse. V. Efíec du sérum antigangréneux polyvalen t sur l'infection tétravalente du cobaye, réalisée d'aprês un
modele expérimental propre. Arch. roum. Path. exp. Mierobiol., 30:45-57, 1971.
6. BOYD, M.J.; LOGAN, M.A. & TYTELL, A.A. - The growth requirements aí Cloeiridium perfringens (Welchii) BP6K. J. biol. Chem., 174: 1013-25, 1948.
7. BUCHANAN, R.E. Bergey's manual riology. 8th ed. Wilkins, 1974.
& GIBBONS, N.E. 01 determinative bacteriology. 8 ed.-Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins, 1094.
8. BURROWS, W.; MOULDER, J. W. & LEWERT, R.M. - Tratado de Microbiologia. 18 ed. Mexico, Edit. Interamericana, 1965. p.
9. EVANS. D.G .. - The protective properties of the alpha antitoxin and antihyaluronidase occurring in Cl. welchii type A antiserum.
J. Path. _Bact., 55 :427-34, 1943.
10. EVANS, D.&. ~ The treatment wi th an titoxin of experimental gas gangrene produced in guinea-pigs by (a) C!. welchii, (b) Cl. oedematiens and (c) Cl. septicum. Brit. J. exp, Path., 26: 104-11, 1945.
11. FARMACOPÉIA dos Estados Unidos do Brasil; oficializada pelo Governo Federal pelo Decreto nº 45.502 de 27 de fevereiro de 1959. 2.a ed. São Paulo, Siqueira, 1959.
12. FREDETTE, V. & FRAPPIER, A. - Recherches sur I'immunité dans Ia gangrene gazeuse. I. Valeu r comparative des sérums antiperfringens de type antitoxique et de type mixte antitoxique-antibactérien. Rev,
canad. Biol., 5 :436-41, 1946.
13. FREDETTE, V. & FRAPPIER, A. - Recherches sur l'immunité dans Ia gangrene gazeuse. n. Action déchainante de filtrats non-toxíques de cultures de Clostridium perfringens dans Ia gangrene gazeuse experimentale. Rev, canad. Biol., 5 :428-35, 1946.
14. FURLANETTO, R.S. - Estudos sobre a preparação do soro amtiloxoecélico, São Paulo, 1961. p. 64-5. [Tese - Faculdade de Farmácia e Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo]
15. GUILLAUMIE, M. - Détermination du titre antitoxique des sérums anti-perfringens A, anti-vibrion septique, anti-histolytique et anti-oedematiens. Préparation, titrage et propriétés des toxines correspondantes. Contribution a l'étude de Ia toxine du Bac. perfringens. A. Ann. Inst. Pasteur, Paris, 66 :204-47, 1941.
16. GUILLAUMIE, M. - Détermination du titre antitoxique des sérums anti-perfringens A, anti-vibrion septique, anti-histolytique
et anti-oedematiens. Préparation, titrage et propriétés des toxines correspondantes. Contribution a I'étude de Ia toxine de Bac.
perfringens A. 'I'oxígenêse dans différents milieux. Ann. Inst. Pasteur, 66:329-78, 1941.
17. GUILLAUMIE, M.; KREGUER, A. & FABRE, M. - Proprietés et composition de Ia toxine de Welchia perfringens. 1. Actíon
hémolytique. Ann. Inst. Pasteur, 72: 12-37, 1946.
18. HAMSA. W.R. & BURNEY Jr., D.W. - Gas gangrene infection: combined treatment including 3.432.000 International Units of polyvalent gas gangrene antitoxin. Nebraska medo J., 51 :85-9, 1966.
19. HIGASHI, H.G.; IIZUKA, H.; OLIVEIRA, E.P.T. & SILVA, M.A. - Preparação do soro antibotulínico tipo B, pela hiperimunização de cavalos, no Instituto Butantan. Mem. Inst. Butantan, 42/43:77-85,
1978/79.
20. HOLDEMAN, L.V. & MO ORE, W.E.C. - - Anaerebe Laboratory manual. 3rd • cd, Blacksbury, Va., Virginia Polytechnic
Institute/State University, 1975.
21. ITO, A. - Alpha toxoid of Clostridium perfringens. n. Immunogenicity of the toxoid. Jap. J. med. Sci. Biol., 23:21-30, 1970.
22. LARCAN, A.; LAPREVOTE-HEULLY, M.C. & LAMBERT, H. - La gangrene gazeuse. Aspects étiologiques, cliniques et thérapeutiques d'actualité. New, Presse med., 3:2493-6, 1974.
23. LOGAN, M.A.; TYTELL, A.A.; DANIELSON, I.S. & GRINER, A.M. - Production of Clostridium perfringens alpha toxin. J. lmmunol., 51 :317-28,1945.
24. MACFARLANE, M.G. & KNIGHT, B.C.J.G. - The biochemistry of bacterial toxins. I. The lecithinase activity of Cl. welchii toxina, Biochem: J., 35: 884-902, 1941.
25. MACFARLANE, M.G. - The therapeutic value of gas-gangrene antitoxin. Brit. med. J., 2:636-40, 1943.
26. MACLENNAN, J.D. - The histotoxic clostridial infections of mano Bacteriol. Rev., 26:177-276, 1962.
27. Mé)LLBY, R.; HOLME, T.; NORD, C.E.; SMYTH, C.J. & WADSTROM, T. - Production of phospholipase C (alpha-toxin), haemolysis and letal toxins by Clo8tridium perfringens types A to D. J. gen. Microbiol., 96:137-44, 1976.
28. NAGLER, F.P.O. - Treatment of experimental gas gangrene due to Clost ridium. welchii with penicillin and antitoxin. Brit. J. etep, Path., 26 :57-63, 1945.
29. NORD; C.E.; MOLLBY, R.; SMYTH, C. WADSTROM, T. - Formation of ph ospholípase C and theta-haemolysin in pre-reduced media in batch and continous culture of Clostridium perfringens type A. J. gen. Microbiol., 84:117-27, 1974.
30. OLIVEIRA, E.P.T. - Estudos sobre a preparação do soro antibotulínico tipo A. Mem. Inst: Butantan, 36: 1-40, 1972.
31. OWEN-SMITH, M.S. Antibiotics and antitoxin therapy in the prophylaxis of experimental gas gangrene. Brit. J. Surg., 55 :43-5, 1968.
32. POPE, G. - Disaggregation of proteins by enzymes. Brit. J. exp, Path., 19:245-51, 1938.
33. PREVOT, A.R. - Biologie de maladies duee aux anaérobies. Paris, Flammarion, 1955. p. 227-318.
34. REY CALERO, J. - Microbiologia e immunobiolo·gia de Ias enfermedades infecciosas. Madrid, Marban, 1976. p. 359-72.
35. SOUTO, A.B. & RIVAROLA, J.B. - Preparación deI suero antigangrenoso. I. Preparación del suero antiperfringens. Mem. Inst. Butantan, 12 :393-433, 1938/39.
36. SOUTO, A.E. & FURLANETTO, R.S. - Investigação sobre o conteúdo de antitoxina do soro antigangrenoso. Rev, Inst. Adolfo Lutz, 5:353-74, 1945.
37. TAROZZI, G. - Oservasioni sulla natura del fenomeni che determinaro Ia esigenza anaerobia nella culture dei germe anae-
robía. Atti Acead. Fisiocr., Siena, 17: 1901-7. 1907.
38. TYTELL, A.A.; LOGAN, M.A.; TYTELL, A.G. & TEPPER, J. - Immunization of humans and anírnals with gas gangrene toxoids. J. Immunol., 55:233-44, 1947.
39. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION AND WELFARE. National Institutes of Health. Minimum requiremente: Gas gangrene group 01 antitoxins. Bethesda, Maryland, 1947.
40. VAN HEYNINGEN, W.E. - Bacterial toxins. Oxford, Blackwell, 1950. p. 23-42.
41. VINET, G.; FORGET, A. & FREDETTE, V. - Influence du glucose sur Ia formation du facteur déchainant et de Ia toxine par Welchia perfringens type A en bouillon VF. Ann. Inst. Pasteur, Paris, 97 :237-41,
1959.
42. VIRENQUE, Ch. - Traitement de Ia gangrene gazeuse. Ann. Anesthesiol. [ranç., 16: 1-4, 1975.
43. WADSWORTH, A.B. - Standard methods of ihe Division of Laboratories and Research 01 the New York State Department o] Health. 3rd ed. Baltimore, Williarns & Wilkins, 1947.
44. WEINBERG, M. & GUILLAUMIE, M. Obtention rapide, avec des antígênes englobes dans Ia lanoline, de sérums antigangréneux de titre antitoxique três élevé. C. r. Séanc. Soc. Biol., 124:518-21, 1937.
45. WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION Expert Commettee on Biological Standardization. Genêve, 1971. Tech. rep, ser. 463.
46. YAMAMOTO, A.; ITO, A.; MURATA, R.; UEMATSU, N.; NAGAI, K. & MIINOMO, K. - Hyperimmunization of horses with alpha toxoid of Clostridium perfrinçens, Jap. J. med. Sci. Biol., 23: 111-5, 1970.
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Copyright (c) 1981 Instituto Adolfo Lutz Journal
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