Palabras clave
cromatografia
eletroforese capilar
leite
Cómo citar
Resumen
As tetraciclinas são um grupo de antimicrobianos amplamente utilizados no tratamento e prevenção de doenças infecciosas em gado leiteiro no Brasil, porém, o uso incorreto e o não cumprimento do período de carência podem resultar em resíduos destes medicamentos no leite. A presença de resíduos no leite pode causar o desenvolvimento de reações alérgicas nos consumidores desses produtos, resistência em bactérias e prejuízos na produção de produtos lácteos fermentados. Com a finalidade de fornecer informações a respeito dos métodos empregados na determinação de tetraciclinas em leite, foi realizada uma revisão das metodologias analíticas relatadas na literatura científica. Neste estudo foram abordadas as metodologias cromatográficas e de eletroforese capilar, que são comumente utilizadas.
Citas
1. Chopra I, Roberts M. Tetracyclines antibiotics: mode of action, applications, molecular biology, and epidemiology of bacterial resistence. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2001; 65(2):232-60.
2. Duggar BM. Aureomycin: a product of the continuing search for new antibiotics. Ann New York Acad Sci. 1948; 51:177-81.
3. Oka H, Ito Y, Matsumoto H. Chromatographic analysis of tetracycline antibiotics in foods. J Chromatogr A. 2000; 882(2):109-33.
4. Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). Toxicological evaluation of certain veterinary drug residues in food. Report Geneva; 1996. WHO-Food Additives Series 36;1996 [acesso 2010 Out 27]. Disponível em: [http://www.inchem.org/ documents/jecfa/jecmono/v36je01.htm].
5. Cogan TM. Susceptibility of cheese and yogurt starter bacteria to antibiotics. Appl Microbiol. 1972; 23(5):960-5.
6. Casella IG, Picerno F. Determination of tetracycline residues by liquid chromatography coupled with electrochemical detection and solid phase extraction. J Agric Food Chem. 2009; 57(19):8735-41.
7. Bogialli S, D’Ascenzo G, Di Corcia A, Laganà A, Nicolardi S. A simple and rapid assay based on hot water extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for monitoring quinolone residue in bovine milk. Food Chem. 2008; 108:354-60.
8. Aguilera-Luiz MM, Vidal JLM, Romero-González R, Frenich AG. Multi-residue determination of veterinary drugs in milk by ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A. 2008; 1205:10-6.
9. Ruyck HD, Ridder HD. Determination of tetracycline antibiotics in cow’s milk by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2007; 21:1511-20.
10. Msagati TAM, Nindi MN. Multiresidue determination of sulfonamides in a variety of biological matrices by supported liquid membrane with high pressure liquid chromatography –electrospray mass spectrometry detection. Talanta. 2004; 64:87-100.
11. Spisso BF, Araújo Junior MAG, Monteiro MA, Lima AMB, Pereira MU, Luiz RA, Nóbrega LAW. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry confirmatory assay for the simultaneous determination of several tetracyclines in milk considering keto-enol tautomerism and epimerization phenomena. Analytica Chimica Acta. 2009; 656:72-84.
12. Tsai WH, Huang TC, Chen HH, Huang JJ, Hsue MH, Chuang HY et al. Determination of tetracyclines in surface water and milk by the magnesium hydroxide coprecipitation method. J Chromatogr A. 2010; 1217:415-8.
13. Ruela ICA, Lima JA, Souza SVC, Junqueira RG. Otimização e validação de método para determinação de resíduos de oxitetraciclina, tetraciclina e clortetraciclina em leite por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência. Cienc Tecnol Aliment. 2005; 25(1):139-46.
14. Fritz JW, Zuo Y. Simultaneous determination of tetracycline, oxytetracycline, and 4-epitetracycline in milk by high-performance liquid chromatography. Food Chem. 2007; 105:1297-301.
15. Samanidou VF, Nikolaidou KI, Papadoyannis IN. Development and validation of an HPLC confirmatory method for the determination of seven tetracycline antibiotics residues in milk according to the European Union Decision 2002/657/EC. J Sep Sci. 2007; 30:2430-9.
16. Andersen WC, Roybal JE, Gonzales SA, Turnipseed SB, Pfenning AP, Kuck LR. Determination of tetracycline residues in shrimp and whole milk using liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection and residue confirmation by mass spectrometry. Analytica Chimica Acta. 2005; 529:145-50.
17. Bohm DA, Stachel CS, Gowik P. Multi-method for the determination of antibiotics of different substance groups in milk and validation in accordance with Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. J Chromatogr A. 2009; 1216:8217-23.
18. Chico J, Meca S, Companyó R, Prat MD, Granados M. Restricted access materials for sample clean-up in the analysis of trace levels of tetracyclines by liquid chromatography application to food and environmental analysis. J Chromatogr A. 2008; 1181:1-8.
19. Cinquina AL, Longo F, Anastasi G, Giannetti L, Cozzani R. Validation of a high-performace liquid chromatography method for the determination of oxytetracycline, tetracycline, chlortetracycline and doxycycline in bovine milk and muscle. J Chromatogr A. 2003; 987:227-33.
20. Mamani MCV, Reyes FGR, Rath S. Multiresidue determination of tetracyclines, sulphonamides and chloramphenicol in bovine milk using HPLC-DAD. Food Chem. 2009; 117(3):545-52.
21. Furusawa N. Isolation of tetracyclines in milk using a solid-phase extracting column and water eluent. Talanta. 2003; 59:155-9.
22. Tong J, Rao Q, Zhu K, Jiang Z, Ding S. Simultaneous determination of five tetracycline and macrolide antibiotics in feeds using HPCE. J Sep Sci. 2009; 32:4254-60.
23. Yang M, Xu Y, Wang JH. Lab-on-valve system integrating a chemiluminescent entity and in situ generation of nascent bromine as oxidant for chemiluminescent determination of tetracycline. Anal Chem. 2006; 78:5900-5.
24. Zhang Y, Lu S, Liu W, Zhao C, Xi R. Preparation of anti-tetracycline antibodies and development of an indirect heterologous competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect residue of tetracycline in milk. J Agric Food Chem. 2007; 55:211-8.
25. Koesukwiwat U, Jayanta S, Leepipatpiboon N. Solid-phase extraction for multiresidue determination of sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and pyrimethamine in bovine’s milk. J Chromatogr A. 2007; 1149:102-11.
26. Wang L, Li YQ. Simultaneous determination of ten antibiotic residues in milk by UPLC. Chromatographia. 2009; 70(1/2):253-8.
27. Gentili A, Perret D, Marchese S. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for performing confirmatory analysis of veterinary drugs in animal food products. Trends Anal Chem. 2005; 24:704-33.
28. Tsai WH, Huang TC, Huang JJ, Hsue YH, Chuang HY. Dispersive solid-phase microextraction method for sample extraction in the analysis of four tetracyclines in water and milk samples by high-performance liquid chromatography with diodo-array detection. J Chromatogr A. 2009; 1216:2263-9.
29. Hernández F, Sancho JV, Ibáñez M, Guerrero C. Antibiotic residue determination in environmental waters by LC-MS. Trends Anal Chem. 2007;26(6):466-85.
30. Husain SW, Ghoulipour V, Sepahrian H. Chromatographic behaviour of antibiotics on thin layers of an inorganic ion-exchanger. Acta Chromatographica. 2004; 14:102-9.
31. Toldrá F, Reig M. Methods for rapid detection of chemical and veterinary drug residues in animal foods. Trends Food Science & Technology. 2006; 17:482-9.
32. Anderson CR, Rupp HS, Wu WH. Complexities in tetracycline analysis – chemistry, matrix extraction, cleanup, and liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A. 2005; 1075:23-32.
33. Spisso BF, Jesus ALO, Araújo Junior MAG, Monteiro MA. Validation of a high-performance liquid chromatographic method with fluorescence detection for the simultaneous determination of tetracyclines residues in bovine milk. Analytica Chimica Acta. 2007; 581:108-17.
34. Zhenfeng Y, Yueming Q, Xiuyun L, Caini J. Determination of multi-residues of tetracyclines and their metabolites in milk by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem positive-ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Chin J Anal Chem. 2006; 34(9):1255-9.
35. Vera-Candioti L, Olivieri AC, Goicoechea HC. Development of a novel strategy for preconcentration of antibiotic residues in milk and their quantitation by capillary electrophoresis. Talanta. 2010; 82:213-21.
36. Wang S, Yang P, Cheng Y. Analysis of tetracycline residue in bovine milk by CE-MS with field-amplified sample stacking. Electrophoresis. 2007; 28:4173-9.
37. Santos SM, Henriques M, Duarte AC, Esteves VI. Development and application of a capillary electrophoresis based method for the simultaneous screening of six antibiotics in spiked milk samples. Talanta. 2007; 71:731-7.
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
Derechos de autor 2011 Revista del Instituto Adolfo Lutz