Palabras clave
carga viral
anticorpos anti-HIV
imunoensaio
indivíduos transgênero
terapia antirretroviral de alta atividade
Cómo citar
Resumen
A prevalência de HIV em travestis e mulheres transexuais (TrMT) é desproporcionalmente maior quando comparada com a população geral do Brasil. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar – por meio de ensaios molecular e sorológicos convencionais para o diagnóstico da infecção pelo HIV – amostras de sangue de uma população TrMT de cinco capitais brasileiras que haviam apresentado resultado reagente em testes rápidos (TR). Um total de 435 amostras com resultado reagente em pelo menos um TR foi encaminhado ao laboratório de referência do estado de São Paulo – o Instituto Adolfo Lutz (IAL) –, para que elas fossem analisadas por meio de testes laboratoriais convencionais. Das amostras avaliadas, 99,3% (432/435) foram reagentes para HIV nos testes laboratoriais convencionais, sendo que, destas, 22,7% (98/432) apresentaram carga viral HIV-1 acima de 5.000 cópias/ml e 77,3% (334/432) mostraram-se reagentes em testes sorológicos (imunoensaio de quimioluminescência, ou ELISA, e imunoblot rápido). As três amostras restantes (0,7%) foram classificadas como “indeterminada para HIV”, com base em ensaios molecular e sorológicos convencionais. A sensibilidade analítica dos diferentes ensaios – molecular e sorológicos – utilizados neste estudo pode ter variado pela influência da imunossupressão viral do HIV-1 resultante da terapia antirretroviral (TARV). Estudos complementares são necessários para melhor entender o impacto da terapia no diagnóstico do HIV.
Citas
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Derechos de autor 2023 Márcia Jorge Castejon, Carmem Aparecida de Freitas Oliveira, Luís Fernando de Macedo Brígido , Rosemeire Yamashiro, Katia Cristina Bassichetto , Norberto Camilo Campos , Elaine Lopes de Oliveira, Ana Rita Coimbra Motta Castro , Inês Dourado , Laio Magno, Roberto José de Carvalho da Silva , Maria Amélia de Sousa Mascena Veras