Keywords
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
mineral water
survival
water quality
mineral water
survival
water quality
How to Cite
1.
Paula de Souza A, Estela Gravato Rowlands R, Martins CG, Paula Ramalho de Paula A, Asturiano Ristori C. Survival and growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in experimentally contaminated mineral water. Rev Inst Adolfo Lutz [Internet]. 2019 Mar. 29 [cited 2024 Jul. 22];78(1):1-8. Available from: https://periodicos.saude.sp.gov.br/RIAL/article/view/35857
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic pathogen, is often found in bottled waters and capable of
infecting the immunocompromised patients. The present study aimed at evaluating the survival and/
or the growth of P. aeruginosa strain in 1,5 L and 20 L bottled mineral water samples experimentally
contaminated, stored at 35 ± 1°C, 4 ± 2°C, and at room temperature (from 20 to 25°C) during the
product shelf-life period. In the mineral water samples contained in 1.5 L bottles, stored at 35 ± 1ºC
and 4 ± 2ºC, P. aeruginosa remained viable for 370 and 100 days, respectively. The major increase in
the bacterial population occurred in mineral water samples in 20 L bottles stored at 20 to 25ºC, being
from 3.8 to 6.6 log10 CFU/mL, in a period of seven days. Therefore, the 20 L bottles deserve a special
attention because, in addition of being returnable, they are usually stored at room temperature. The
results reinforce the need of the mineral water companies in implementing the Good Manufacturing
Practice (GMP) and the HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point) to eliminate and to
minimize the risks of consuming the contaminated product.
References
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2. Associação Brasileira da Indústria de Águas Minerais - ABINAM. [acesso 2017 Mar 28]. Disponível em: http://www.abinam.com.br/lermais_materias.php?cd_materias=71
3. Mohammadi Kouchesfahani M, Alimohammadi M, Nabizadeh Nodehi R, Aslani H, Rezaie S, Asadian S. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and heterotrophic bacteria count in bottled waters in Iran. Iran J Public Health. 2015;44(11):1514-9.Disponível em: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4703231/pdf/IJPH-44-1514.pdf
4. Gonzalez C, Gutierrez C, Grande T. Bacterial flora in bottled uncarbonated mineral drinking water. Can J Microbiol. 1987;33(12):1120-5. https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m87-196
5. Eiroa MNU, Junqueira VCA, Silveira NFA. Variação da microbiota natural e de Pseudomonas aeruginosa em água mineral não carbonatada embalada em diferentes materiais durante o armazenamento a 30°C ± 1°C. Ciênc Tecnol Aliment.1997;17(2):167-71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0101-20611997000200019
6. Eiroa MNU, Junqueira VCA, Silveira NFA. Avaliação microbiológica de linhas de captação e engarrafamento de água mineral. Ciênc Tecnol Aliment.1996;16(2):165-9.
7. Abd El-Salam MM, Al-Ghitany EM, Kassem MM. Quality of bottled water brands in Egypt Part II: biological water examination. J Egypt Public Health Assoc. 2008;83(5-6):468-86.
8. Faruche Filho A, Dias MFF, Taromaru PH, Cerqueira CS, Duque JG. Qualidade microbiológica de águas minerais não carbonatadas em embalagens de 1,5 litros, comercializadas em Araraquara-SP. Alim Nutr Araraquara. 2009;19(4):421-5.
9. Coelho MIS, Mendes ES, Cruz MCS, Bezerra SS, Silva RPP. Avaliação da qualidade microbiológica de águas minerais consumidas na região metropolitana de Recife, Estado de Pernambuco. Acta Sci Health Sci. 2010;32(1):1-8. https://doi.org/10.4025/actascihealthsci.v32i1.3837
10. Naze F, Jouen E, Randriamahazo RT, Simac C, Laurent P, Blériot A et al. Pseudomonas aeruginosa outbreak linked to mineral water bottles in a Neonatal intensive care unit: fast typing by use of high-resolution melting analysis of a variable-number tandem-repeat locus. J Clin Microbiol. 2010;48(9):3146–52. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00402-10
11. Casanovas-Massana A, Blanch AR. Diversity of the heterotrophic microbial populations for distinguishing natural mineral waters. Int J Food Microbiol. 2012;153(1-2):38-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.10.012
12. Pedrosa AP, Brandão MLL, Medeiros VM, Rosas CO, Bricio SML, Almeida AECC. Pesquisa de fatores de virulência em Pseudomonas aeruginosa isoladas de águas minerais naturais. Rev Ambient Água. 2014;9(2):313-24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.1359
13. Tafere W, Abera F, Beyene Y, Legesse T. Microbiological quality and safety of bottled water brands sold in Ethiopia. Ethiop J Health Dev. 2014;28(3):178-84. Disponível em: https://www.ejhd.org/index.php/ejhd/article/view/24/pdf
14. Georgieva V, Dimitrova Y. Study of the microbiological quality of bulgarian bottled water in terms of its contamination with Pseudomonasaeruginosa. Cent Eur J Public Health. 2016; 24(4):326–30. https://doi.org/10.21101/cejph.a4219
15. Legnani P, Leoni E, Rapuano S, Turin D, Valenti C. Survival and growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in natural mineral water: a 5-year study. Int J Food Microbiol. 1999;53(2-3):153-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1605(99)00151-8
16. Caskey S, Stirling J, Moore JE, Rendall JC. Occurrence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in waters: implications for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Lett Appl Microbiol. 2018;66(6):537-41. https://doi.org/10.1111/lam.12876
17. Falcone-Dias MF, Vaz-Moreira I, Manaia CM. Bottled mineral water as a potential source of antibiotic resistant bacteria. Water Res. 2012;46(11):3612-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2012.04.007
18. Kim YJ, Jun YH, Kim YR, Park KG, Park YJ, Kang JY et al. Risk factors for mortality in patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia; retrospective study of impact of combination antimicrobial therapy. BMC Infect Dis. 2014;14:161.https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-14-161
19. Mena KD, Gerba CP. Risk assessment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in water. Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 2009;201:71–115. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-44190032-6_3
20. Sharma G, Rao S, Bansal A, Dang S, Gupta S, Gabrani R. Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm: potential therapeutic targets. Biologicals, 2014;42(1):1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biologicals.2013.11.001
21. Khaniki GRJ, Aghaee EM, Alimohammadi M, Dehghani MH. Effects of Environmental Conditions on Growth and Permanence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Bottled Water. J Appl Biol Sci. 2014;8(2):91-5. http://www.jabsonline.org/index.php/jabs/article/view/378/381
22. Ministério da Saúde (BR). Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária. Resolução RDC nº. 275, de 22 set. 2005. Regulamento Técnico para Fixação de Identidade e Qualidade de Água Mineral Natural e Água Natural. Diário Oficial da União. Brasília, DF, 24 mai. 2007. Disponível em: http://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/saudelegis/anvisa/2005/rdc0275_22_09_2005.html
23. Hall N.H. 9222 B Standard total coliform membrane filter procedure using endo media. 9222 G Partitioning thermotolerant coliforms from MF total coliform using EC broth. In: Baird RB, Eaton AD, Rice EW et al. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 23. ed. Washington (DC): APHA, AWWA, WEF; 2017.
24. Noble T R. 9230 C Membrana filter techniques. In: Baird RB, Eaton AD, Rice EW et al. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 23. ed. Washington (DC): APHA, AWWA, WEF; 2017.
25. International Organization for Standardization – ISO. ISO 14189.Water quality – Enumeration of Clostridium perfringens – Method using membrane filtration. 1. ed., 2013.
26. Oshiro R. K., Fujioka R. S., Oliver J., Shields J. M. 9213 E Membrana filter technique for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In: Baird RB, Eaton AD, Rice EW et al. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 23. ed. Washington (DC): APHA, AWWA, WEF; 2017.
27. Dicheter G., LeChevallier M. W. 9215 B Pour plate method. In: Baird RB, Eaton AD, Rice EW et al. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 23. ed. Washington (DC): APHA, AWWA, WEF; 2017.
28. Pessôa GV, Da Silva EA. Milieu pour l’identification présomptive rapide dês entérobactéries, dês Aeromonas et dês vibrions. Ann Microbiol (Paris) 1974;125A(3):341-7.
29. Khan NH, Ahsan M, Taylor WD, Kogure K. Culturability and survival of marine, freshwater and clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microbes Environ. 2010;25(4):266-74. https://doi.org/10.1264/jsme2.ME09178
30. Leclerc H, Moreau A. Microbiological safety of natutal mineral water. FEMS Microbiology Reviews 2002; 26:207-222. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.15746976.2002.tb00611.x
31. Lewenza S, Abboud J, Poon K, Kobryn M, Humplik I, Bell JR et al. Pseudomonas aeruginosa displays a dormancy phenotype during long-term survival in water. PLoS One. 2018;13(9):e0198384. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198384
32. Tamagnini LM, González RD. Bacteriological stability and growth kinetics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in bottled water. J Appl Microbiol. 1997;83(1):91-4. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.1997.d01-400.x
33. Ministério de Minas e Energia (BR). Departamento Nacional de Produção Mineral (DNPM). Portaria nº 387, de 19 de setembro de 2008. Disciplina o uso das embalagens plástico-garrafão retornável, destinadas ao envasamento e comercialização de água mineral e potável de mesa e dá outras providências. Diário Oficial da União. Brasília, DF, 23 set 2008. Disponível em: https://anmlegis.datalegis.inf.br/action/UrlPublicasAction.php?acao=abrirAtoPublico&num_ato=00000387&sgl_tipo=POR&sgl_orgao=DNPM/MME&vlr_ano=2008&seq_ato=000
34. Ministério de Minas e Energia (BR). Departamento Nacional de Produção Mineral. Portaria 358, de 21 de setembro de 2009. Altera a Portaria 387, de 19 de setembro de 2008. Diário Oficial da União. Brasília, DF, 22 set 2009. Disponível em: https://anmlegis.datalegis.inf.br/action/UrlPublicasAction.php?acao=abrirAtoPublico&num_ato=00000358&sgl_tipo=POR&sg l_orgao=DNPM/MME&vlr_ano=2009&seq_ato=000
35. Jones CR, Adams MR, Zhdan PA, Chamberlain AH. The role of surface physicochemical properties in determining the distribution of the autochthonous microflora in mineral water bottles. J Appl Microbiol. 1999;86(6):917-27. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.1999.00768.x
2. Associação Brasileira da Indústria de Águas Minerais - ABINAM. [acesso 2017 Mar 28]. Disponível em: http://www.abinam.com.br/lermais_materias.php?cd_materias=71
3. Mohammadi Kouchesfahani M, Alimohammadi M, Nabizadeh Nodehi R, Aslani H, Rezaie S, Asadian S. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and heterotrophic bacteria count in bottled waters in Iran. Iran J Public Health. 2015;44(11):1514-9.Disponível em: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4703231/pdf/IJPH-44-1514.pdf
4. Gonzalez C, Gutierrez C, Grande T. Bacterial flora in bottled uncarbonated mineral drinking water. Can J Microbiol. 1987;33(12):1120-5. https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m87-196
5. Eiroa MNU, Junqueira VCA, Silveira NFA. Variação da microbiota natural e de Pseudomonas aeruginosa em água mineral não carbonatada embalada em diferentes materiais durante o armazenamento a 30°C ± 1°C. Ciênc Tecnol Aliment.1997;17(2):167-71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0101-20611997000200019
6. Eiroa MNU, Junqueira VCA, Silveira NFA. Avaliação microbiológica de linhas de captação e engarrafamento de água mineral. Ciênc Tecnol Aliment.1996;16(2):165-9.
7. Abd El-Salam MM, Al-Ghitany EM, Kassem MM. Quality of bottled water brands in Egypt Part II: biological water examination. J Egypt Public Health Assoc. 2008;83(5-6):468-86.
8. Faruche Filho A, Dias MFF, Taromaru PH, Cerqueira CS, Duque JG. Qualidade microbiológica de águas minerais não carbonatadas em embalagens de 1,5 litros, comercializadas em Araraquara-SP. Alim Nutr Araraquara. 2009;19(4):421-5.
9. Coelho MIS, Mendes ES, Cruz MCS, Bezerra SS, Silva RPP. Avaliação da qualidade microbiológica de águas minerais consumidas na região metropolitana de Recife, Estado de Pernambuco. Acta Sci Health Sci. 2010;32(1):1-8. https://doi.org/10.4025/actascihealthsci.v32i1.3837
10. Naze F, Jouen E, Randriamahazo RT, Simac C, Laurent P, Blériot A et al. Pseudomonas aeruginosa outbreak linked to mineral water bottles in a Neonatal intensive care unit: fast typing by use of high-resolution melting analysis of a variable-number tandem-repeat locus. J Clin Microbiol. 2010;48(9):3146–52. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00402-10
11. Casanovas-Massana A, Blanch AR. Diversity of the heterotrophic microbial populations for distinguishing natural mineral waters. Int J Food Microbiol. 2012;153(1-2):38-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.10.012
12. Pedrosa AP, Brandão MLL, Medeiros VM, Rosas CO, Bricio SML, Almeida AECC. Pesquisa de fatores de virulência em Pseudomonas aeruginosa isoladas de águas minerais naturais. Rev Ambient Água. 2014;9(2):313-24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.1359
13. Tafere W, Abera F, Beyene Y, Legesse T. Microbiological quality and safety of bottled water brands sold in Ethiopia. Ethiop J Health Dev. 2014;28(3):178-84. Disponível em: https://www.ejhd.org/index.php/ejhd/article/view/24/pdf
14. Georgieva V, Dimitrova Y. Study of the microbiological quality of bulgarian bottled water in terms of its contamination with Pseudomonasaeruginosa. Cent Eur J Public Health. 2016; 24(4):326–30. https://doi.org/10.21101/cejph.a4219
15. Legnani P, Leoni E, Rapuano S, Turin D, Valenti C. Survival and growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in natural mineral water: a 5-year study. Int J Food Microbiol. 1999;53(2-3):153-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1605(99)00151-8
16. Caskey S, Stirling J, Moore JE, Rendall JC. Occurrence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in waters: implications for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Lett Appl Microbiol. 2018;66(6):537-41. https://doi.org/10.1111/lam.12876
17. Falcone-Dias MF, Vaz-Moreira I, Manaia CM. Bottled mineral water as a potential source of antibiotic resistant bacteria. Water Res. 2012;46(11):3612-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2012.04.007
18. Kim YJ, Jun YH, Kim YR, Park KG, Park YJ, Kang JY et al. Risk factors for mortality in patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia; retrospective study of impact of combination antimicrobial therapy. BMC Infect Dis. 2014;14:161.https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-14-161
19. Mena KD, Gerba CP. Risk assessment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in water. Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 2009;201:71–115. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-44190032-6_3
20. Sharma G, Rao S, Bansal A, Dang S, Gupta S, Gabrani R. Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm: potential therapeutic targets. Biologicals, 2014;42(1):1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biologicals.2013.11.001
21. Khaniki GRJ, Aghaee EM, Alimohammadi M, Dehghani MH. Effects of Environmental Conditions on Growth and Permanence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Bottled Water. J Appl Biol Sci. 2014;8(2):91-5. http://www.jabsonline.org/index.php/jabs/article/view/378/381
22. Ministério da Saúde (BR). Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária. Resolução RDC nº. 275, de 22 set. 2005. Regulamento Técnico para Fixação de Identidade e Qualidade de Água Mineral Natural e Água Natural. Diário Oficial da União. Brasília, DF, 24 mai. 2007. Disponível em: http://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/saudelegis/anvisa/2005/rdc0275_22_09_2005.html
23. Hall N.H. 9222 B Standard total coliform membrane filter procedure using endo media. 9222 G Partitioning thermotolerant coliforms from MF total coliform using EC broth. In: Baird RB, Eaton AD, Rice EW et al. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 23. ed. Washington (DC): APHA, AWWA, WEF; 2017.
24. Noble T R. 9230 C Membrana filter techniques. In: Baird RB, Eaton AD, Rice EW et al. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 23. ed. Washington (DC): APHA, AWWA, WEF; 2017.
25. International Organization for Standardization – ISO. ISO 14189.Water quality – Enumeration of Clostridium perfringens – Method using membrane filtration. 1. ed., 2013.
26. Oshiro R. K., Fujioka R. S., Oliver J., Shields J. M. 9213 E Membrana filter technique for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In: Baird RB, Eaton AD, Rice EW et al. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 23. ed. Washington (DC): APHA, AWWA, WEF; 2017.
27. Dicheter G., LeChevallier M. W. 9215 B Pour plate method. In: Baird RB, Eaton AD, Rice EW et al. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 23. ed. Washington (DC): APHA, AWWA, WEF; 2017.
28. Pessôa GV, Da Silva EA. Milieu pour l’identification présomptive rapide dês entérobactéries, dês Aeromonas et dês vibrions. Ann Microbiol (Paris) 1974;125A(3):341-7.
29. Khan NH, Ahsan M, Taylor WD, Kogure K. Culturability and survival of marine, freshwater and clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microbes Environ. 2010;25(4):266-74. https://doi.org/10.1264/jsme2.ME09178
30. Leclerc H, Moreau A. Microbiological safety of natutal mineral water. FEMS Microbiology Reviews 2002; 26:207-222. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.15746976.2002.tb00611.x
31. Lewenza S, Abboud J, Poon K, Kobryn M, Humplik I, Bell JR et al. Pseudomonas aeruginosa displays a dormancy phenotype during long-term survival in water. PLoS One. 2018;13(9):e0198384. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198384
32. Tamagnini LM, González RD. Bacteriological stability and growth kinetics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in bottled water. J Appl Microbiol. 1997;83(1):91-4. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.1997.d01-400.x
33. Ministério de Minas e Energia (BR). Departamento Nacional de Produção Mineral (DNPM). Portaria nº 387, de 19 de setembro de 2008. Disciplina o uso das embalagens plástico-garrafão retornável, destinadas ao envasamento e comercialização de água mineral e potável de mesa e dá outras providências. Diário Oficial da União. Brasília, DF, 23 set 2008. Disponível em: https://anmlegis.datalegis.inf.br/action/UrlPublicasAction.php?acao=abrirAtoPublico&num_ato=00000387&sgl_tipo=POR&sgl_orgao=DNPM/MME&vlr_ano=2008&seq_ato=000
34. Ministério de Minas e Energia (BR). Departamento Nacional de Produção Mineral. Portaria 358, de 21 de setembro de 2009. Altera a Portaria 387, de 19 de setembro de 2008. Diário Oficial da União. Brasília, DF, 22 set 2009. Disponível em: https://anmlegis.datalegis.inf.br/action/UrlPublicasAction.php?acao=abrirAtoPublico&num_ato=00000358&sgl_tipo=POR&sg l_orgao=DNPM/MME&vlr_ano=2009&seq_ato=000
35. Jones CR, Adams MR, Zhdan PA, Chamberlain AH. The role of surface physicochemical properties in determining the distribution of the autochthonous microflora in mineral water bottles. J Appl Microbiol. 1999;86(6):917-27. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.1999.00768.x
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