Keywords
Cheese; aflatoxin M1; immunoaffinity column; HPLC.
How to Cite
1.
Prado G, S. de Oliveira M, P. de Carvalho E, Veloso T, A. F. de SOUSA L, F. Cardoso AC. Aflatoxin M1 in soft and parmesan cheese by immunoaffinity column and liquid chromatography. Rev Inst Adolfo Lutz [Internet]. 2001 Apr. 29 [cited 2024 Nov. 23];60(2):147-51. Available from: https://periodicos.saude.sp.gov.br/RIAL/article/view/35875
Abstract
Aflatoxin M1 was determined in Soft and Parmesan cheese by immunoaffinity column and liquid chromatography. Milk products such as cheese may be contaminated by aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) when dairy cattle have consumed feeds contaminated with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Samples of Soft and Parmesan cheese were collected in Belo Horizonte city, by the Inspection Service of Minas Gerais – Brazil. A purified extract was obtained by extraction with dichloromethane followed by a washing with n-hexane and immunoaffinity column clean-up. The quantification of AFM1 was done by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a fluorescence detector. AFM1 was detected in all soft cheese brands analysed, in concentrations ranging between 0.02 and 0.54 ng/g and mean level of 0.15 ng/g. In grated cheese, Parmesan variety, AFM1 was detected in 13 of 14 brands analysed (93%), in the range 0.04-0.30 ng/g with mean level of 0.14 ng/g.
References
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29. Tuinstra, L.G.M.; Roos, A.H.; Van Trup, J.M.P. Liquid chromatography determination of aflatoxin M1 in milk powder using
immunoaffinity columns for cleanup: interlaboratory study. J.A.O.C. Int., 76:1248-1254, 1993.
30. Van Egmond, H.P. Current situation on regulations for mycotoxins. Overview of tolerances and status of standard methods of sampling and analysis. Food Addit. Contam., 6:139-188, 1989.
31. Veldman, A. et al. Carry-over of aflatoxin from cows’ food to milk. Anim. Prod., 55:163-168, 1992.
32. WHO (World Health Organization). Mycotoxins. Geneva: UNEP/WHO, 1979. 127p.(Environmental Health Criteria 11).
33. Zarba, A. et al. Aflatoxin M1 in human breast milk from The Gambia, West Africa, quantified by combined monoclonal antibody immunoaffinity chromatography and HPLC. Carcinog., 13:891- 894, 1992.
2. Baldissera, M.A. et al. Aflatoxinas, ocratoxina A e zearalenona em grãos e rações para consumo animal no sul do Brasil. Ciênc. Tecnol.
Aliment., 12:77-82, 1992.
3. Barbieri, G. et al. Aflatoxin M1 in Parmesan cheese: HPLC determination. J. Food Sci., 59:1313-1331, 1994.
4. Barrios, M.J. et al. Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in cheeses from the south of Spain. J. Food Prot., 59:898-900, 1996.
5. Dragacci, S.; Fremy, J.M. Application of immunoaffinity column cleanup to aflatoxin M1 determination and survey in cheese. J. Food Prot., 59:1011-1013, 1996.
6. Dragacci, S.; Fremy, J.M. Contamination du lait par l‘aflatoxine M1. Résultats de quinze années de surveillance. Sci. Aliments., 13:711-722, 1993.
7. Dragacci, S. et al. Use of immunoaffinity chromatography as a purification step for the determination of aflatoxin M1 in cheeses. Food Addit. Contam., 12:59-65, 1995.
8. El-Nezami, H.S. et al. Aflatoxin M1 in human breast milk samples from Victoria, Australia and Thailand. Food Chem. Toxicol., 33:173- 179, 1995.
9. FAO (Food and Agricultural Organization of The United Nations). Worldwide regulations for mycotoxins. 1995. A compedium. n.64, 45p.
Rome, 1996.
10. Fernandes Oliveira, C.A. et al. Immunochemical assessment of aflatoxin M1 in milk powder consumed by infants in São Paulo, Brazil.
Food Addit. Contam., 14:7-10, 1997.
11. Fonseca, H.; Del Nery, H.; Silveira Filho, S. Teor de aflatoxina M1 no leite de vacas alimentadas com farelo de amendoim tóxico. O solo, 66: 33-40, 1974.
12. Galvano, F.; Galofaro, V.; Galvano, G. Occurrence and stability of aflatoxin M1 in milk and milk products; a worldwide review. J. Food Prot., 59:1079-1090, 1996.
13. Hassanin, N.I. Stability of aflatoxin M1 during manufacture and storage of yoghurt-cheese and acidified milk. J. Sci. Food Agric., 65:31-34, 1994.
14. Horwitz, W.; Albert, R. The reliability of aflatoxin assays. Quart. Bull. Assoc. Food and Drug Off. United States, 46:14-24, 1982.
15. Karaioannoglou, P.; et al. Triantafillou, J. Milchwissenschaft, 44:746-748, 1989.
16. López, C. et al. Distribution of aflatoxin M1 in cheese obtained from milk artificially contaminated. Int J. Food Microbiol., 64:211-215, 2001.
17. López-Diaz, T.M. et al. Mycotoxins in two Spanish cheese varieties. Int. J. Food Microbiol., 30:391-395, 1996.
18. Pietri, A.; Bertuzzi, T.; Bertuzzi, P.; Piva, G. Aflatoxin M1 occurrence in samples of Grana Padano cheese. Food Addit. Contam., 14:341-344, 1997.
19. Piva, G.; Pietri, A.; Galazzi, L.; Curto, O. Aflatoxin M1 in occurrence in dairy products marketed in Italy. Food Addit. Contam., 5:133-139, 1987.
20. Prado, G. et al. Ocorrência de aflatoxina M1 em Belo Horizonte – Minas Gerais/Brasil – agosto/98 a abril/99. Ciênc. Tecnol. Aliment., 19:420-423, 1999.
21. Prado, G. et al. Aflatoxin M1 in samples of “Minas” cheese commercialized in the city of Belo Horizonte – Minas Gerais/Brazil. Ciênc. Tecnol. Aliment., 20:398-400, 2000.
22. Saad, A.M.; Abdelgadir, A.M.; Moss, M.O. Exposure of infants to aflatoxin M1 from mothers breast milk in Abu Dhabi, UAE. Food Addit. Contam., 12:255-261, 1995.
23. Sabino, M.; Purchio, A.; Zorzetto, M.A.P. Variations in the levels of aflatoxin in cows milk consumed in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Food Addit. Contam., 6:312-326, 1989.
24. Saitanu, K. Incidence of aflatoxin M1 in Thai milk products. J. Food Prot., 60:1010-1012, 1997.
25. Smith, J.E. et al. Role of mycotoxins in human and animal nutrition and health. Nat. Toxíns, 3:187-192, 1995.
26. Souza, S.V.C.; Vargas, E.A.; Junqueira, R.G. Eficiência de um kit de ELISA na detecção e quantificação de aflatoxina M1 em leite e investigação da ocorrência no estado de Minas Gerais. Ciênc. Tecnol. Aliment., 19:401- 405,1999.
27. Sylos, C.M.; Amaya, D.R. Estudo comparativo de métodos para determinação de aflatoxina M1. Rev. Inst. Adolfo Lutz, 56:87-97, 1996.
28. Sylos, C.M.; Rodriguez-Amaya, D.B.; Carvalho, P.R.N. Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in milk and dairy products commercialized in Campinas, Brazil. Food Addit. Contam., 13:169-172, 1996.
29. Tuinstra, L.G.M.; Roos, A.H.; Van Trup, J.M.P. Liquid chromatography determination of aflatoxin M1 in milk powder using
immunoaffinity columns for cleanup: interlaboratory study. J.A.O.C. Int., 76:1248-1254, 1993.
30. Van Egmond, H.P. Current situation on regulations for mycotoxins. Overview of tolerances and status of standard methods of sampling and analysis. Food Addit. Contam., 6:139-188, 1989.
31. Veldman, A. et al. Carry-over of aflatoxin from cows’ food to milk. Anim. Prod., 55:163-168, 1992.
32. WHO (World Health Organization). Mycotoxins. Geneva: UNEP/WHO, 1979. 127p.(Environmental Health Criteria 11).
33. Zarba, A. et al. Aflatoxin M1 in human breast milk from The Gambia, West Africa, quantified by combined monoclonal antibody immunoaffinity chromatography and HPLC. Carcinog., 13:891- 894, 1992.
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