Keywords
Bioassay with Drosophila melanogaster
LC50
endosulfan residues in kale
bioassay validation
LC50
endosulfan residues in kale
bioassay validation
How to Cite
1.
R. de Almeida G, G. R. Reyes F. Drosophila melanogaster Meigen: I. Susceptibility to Endosulfan and biomonitoring of its residues in kale. Rev Inst Adolfo Lutz [Internet]. 1999 Dec. 30 [cited 2024 May 16];58(2):15-24. Available from: https://periodicos.saude.sp.gov.br/RIAL/article/view/36688
Abstract
The susceptibility of flies Drosophila melanogaster to endosulfan and the use of this organism in biomonitoring residues of the insecticide in kale was evaluated. In the condition of the bioassay, residues-film bioassay in the Petri dish, endosulfan degraded depending on the temperature and alpha isomer degrades faster than beta isomer. Bioassays conducted with D. melanogaster showed that the toxicity of the insecticide increases with the temperature (25 to 35°C) and that the females are more susceptible to the insecticide. LCso values calculated as a function of temperature, varied from 4.2 to 11.7 ug/g bw for the males and 2.8 to 8.1 I-lg/g bw for the females. The formulated product Thiodan CE was applied on kale (Brassica oleracea varo acephala) and the residues 01'endosulfan were determined by bioassay. The determination limit by bioassay is in the order of 0.1 mg/kg and the method presented a reproducibility with a coefficient of variation of 10%. The validation of the bioassay by gas chromatography confirm the viability of the bioassay with D. melanogaster in monitoring the residues of endosulfan in kale.
References
1. ALMEIDA, W. F. Métodos prácticos para deteceión de resíduos de plaguicidas. Centro Panamericano de Ecologia Humana y Salud, OPS/OMS, México: 1987. 54p.
2. ARCHER, T E. Endosulfan residues on alfafa hay exposed to drying by sunlight, ultraviolet light and air. Pestie. Sci. 4: 59 - 68, 1973.
3. BAGDONAS, M.; MELLO, M. H. S. H.; UNGARO, M. T S.; GUINDANI, C. M. A.; FERREIRA, M. S. & GAETA, R Ensaios biológicos como testes preliminares na detecção de resíduos de inseticidas em frutas e hortaliças. Rev. Soc. Bras. Toxieol. 1: 3 - 5, Jan. 1988 e Jul. 1988.
4. BARNES W. W. & WARE G. W. The absorption and metabolism of C'<labeled endosulfan in house fly.1. Eeon. Entomol. 58: 286 - 291,1965.
5. BARRETO, H. H. C.; INOMATA, O. N. K; LEMES, V. R R KUSSUMI, TA.; SCORSAFA-
VA, M. A. & ROCHA, S. O. Monitoramento de resíduos de pesticidas em alimentos comercializados no Estado de São Paulo em 1994. Pesticidas R. Tée. Cient., 6: 1 - 12, 1996.
6. BARTLETT, B. R A new method for rearing Drosophila and a technique for testing inseticides with this insect. 1. Eeon. Entomol. 44(4): 621, 1951.
7. BEARD, J. E. & WARE, G. W. Fate and endosulfan on plants and grass. 1. Agric. Food Chem. 17(2): 216 - 220, 1969.
8. CHIANG, T; DEAN, M. C. & McDANIEL, C. S A fruit fly bioassay with phosphotriesterase for detection of certain organophosphorous insecticide residues. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxieol. 34(6) 809 814, 1985.
9. CHOPRA, N. M. & MAHFOUZ, A. M. Metabolism of endosulfan I, endosulfan II, and endosulfan sulfate in tobacco leaf. J. Agrie. Food Chem. 25(1): 32 - 36, 1977.
10. GOEBEL, H. Chemical and physical properties of endosulfan and its degradation products. Residue Reviews, 83: 6 - 12, 1982.
11. GOPAL, M. & MUKHERJEE, L Determination of residues of endosulfan and endosulfan sulfate on eggplant, mustard and chickpea. Pestie. Sei. 37(1):
67 - 72,1993.
12. GREVE, P. A. & WIT, S. L. Endosulfan in the Rhine river. 1. Water Pollution Control Fed. 43(12): 2338 - 2348, 1971.
13. GUTHRIE, F. E. Effect of temperature on the toxicity of certain organic insecticides. J. Eeon. Entomol. 43(4): 559 - 560, 1950.
14. HARRIS, C. R. - Influence of temperature on the biological activity of insecticides in soil. J. Eeon. Entomol. 64: 1044 - 1049,1971.
15. HARRIS, C. R. & KINOSHITA, G. B. Influence of posttreatment temperature on the toxicity of pyrethroid insecticides. J. Eeon. Entomol. 70(2): 215 218, 1977.
16. HENNEBERRY, T J.; McGOVERN, W. L; YEOMANS, A. H. & MASON, H. C. Sexing large numbers of Drosophila melanogaster adults by a size diffential. J. Eeon. Entomol. 57(5): 769 - 770, 1964.
17. HOFFMANN, R Análise de probito com determinação da dose letal mediana - Programa probito. Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALQ), USP, Piracicaba, SP, Maio de 1990.
18. HORWITZ, w.; KAMPS, L. R & BOYER, K W. Quality assurance in the analysis of foods for trace constituents. 1. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 63: 13441354, 1980
19. JOSEPH Jr, H. & KNOBEL, M. G. Estudo preliminar da sensibilidade de moscas Drosophila melanogaster a diversos pesticidas organoclorados. Rev. Inst. Adolfo Lutz: 40(1): 43-47, 1980.
20. LAUG, E. P. A biological assay method for determining 2,2 bis (p- chloropheny 1)-1,1,1, trichloroethane (DDT). J. Pharm. Exptl. Terap. 86: 324 31, 1946.
21. LEMES, V. R R; INOMATA, O. N. K & BARRETTO, H. H. C. Resíduos de endosulfan em tubérculos e frutos. Rev. Inst. Adolfo Lutz, 53(1/2): 49-54, 1993.
22. LICHTENSTEIN, E. P., MORGAN, D. G. & MUELLER, C. H. Naturally occurring insecticides in cruciferous crops. 1. Agrie. Food Chem. 12(2): 158 - 161, 1964.
23. LINDQUIST, D. A. & DAHM, P. A. - Some chemical and biological experimental with thiodan. J. Econ. Entomol. 50: 483 - 6,1957.
24. LUKE, M. A.; FROBERG, J. E. & MASUMOTO, H. T Extraction and cleanup of organochlorine, organophosphate, organonitrogen, and hydrocarbon pesticides in produce for determination by gasliquid chromatography. 1. Assoc. Off.Anal. Chem. 58(5): 1020 - 1026, 1975.
25. MARTENS, R Degradation of [8,9·J4C]endosulfan by soil microorganisms. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 31(6): 853 - 858,1976.
26. MILES, J. R W. & MOY, P. Degradation of endosulfan and its metabolites by a mixed culture of soil microorganisms. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 23: 13 - 19, 1979.
27. MUKHERJEE, L GOPAL, M. & YADURAJU, N. T. HCH, endosulfan, and fluvalinate residue behavior in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp). Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxieol. 48(1): 163 - 70, 1992.
28. MUKHERJEE, L M. & GOPAL, M. lnterconversion of stereoisomers of endosulfan on chickpea crop under field conditions. Pestie. Sei. 40(2): 103 - 106,1994.
29. OLIVEIRA, J. J. V. & TOLEDO, M. C. F. Resíduos de agrotóxicos em morangos. Pesticidas R. Téc. Cient. 5: 95 - 110,1995.
30. PUGA, F. R; RUBANO, S. - Determinação de resíduos de inseticidas através de bioensaio com Drosophila melanogaster. In: ALMEIDA, W. F. (ed.) Métodos prácticos para detección de resíduos de plaguicidas. Centro Panamericano de Ecologia Humana y Salud, OPS/OMS, México: 1987. p. 37-43.
31. RAO, D. M. R. & MURTY, A S. Persistence of endosulfan in soils. J. Agric. Food Chem. 28(6): 1099 - 1101, 1980.
32. SINGH, N. c., DASGUPTA, T. P. ROBERTS, E. V. & MANSINGH, A Dynamics of pesticides in tropical conditions. 1. Kinetic studies of vo1atilization, hydrolysis, and photolysis of dieldrin and - andendosulfan. J. Agrie. Food Chem. 39(3): 575 -
579, 1991.
33. SOARES, I. A A; GOULART, M. C. B.; QUEIROZ, R L.; MELLO, S. M. M.;
AZEVEDO, S. F. & ÁVILA, J. T. Levantamento de resíduos de inseticidas organoclorados e de malation e paration em frutas e hortaliças na CEASA/MG - 1983 1986. ln: XI encontro nacional de analistas de residuos de pesticidas. São Paulo, Junho, 03 a 05, 1987: relatório. São Paulo: lnst. Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo. 1987. p. 75 - 84.
34. STEWART, D. K. R & CAIRNS, K. G. Endosulfan persistence in soil and uptake by potato tubers. J. Agric. Food Chem. 22(6): 984 - 986, 1974.
35. STORER, I. T.; USINGER, R. L.; STEBBINS, R.C. NYBAKKEN, J. W. Zoologia Geral; Trad. de Ericka Schlenz e Francisco A. A. Sampaio. 6. Ed. São Paulo: Editora Nacional, 1991. 816p.
36. SUN, Y. P.; JOHNSON, E. R PANKASKIE, J. E. EARLE, N. W. & SUN, J. T. - Factors affecting residues-film bioassay of insecticide residues. 1. Assoc. Off.Anal. Chem. 46(3): 530 - 542, 1963.
37. SUN, Y. P. & PANKASKIE, J. E. Drosophila, a sensitive insect, for the microbioassay of insecticide residues. 1. Econ. Entomol, 47(1): 180 - 181,
1954.
38. UNGARO, M. T. S.; GUINDANI, C. M. A.; FERREIRA, M. S. & BAGDONAS, M. Resíduos de inseticidas clorados e fosforados em frutas e hortaliças (III). Biológico, São Paulo 53(7/12): 51 56, 1987.
39. World Health Organization (WHO/IPCS): Endosulfan. Environmental Health Criteria 40. Geneva, 1984. 62p.
40. ZIMMERING, S. - Utility of Drosophila for detection of potential environmental chemical mutagens. Ann. New YorkAcad. Sei. 269: 26 - 33, 1975.
2. ARCHER, T E. Endosulfan residues on alfafa hay exposed to drying by sunlight, ultraviolet light and air. Pestie. Sci. 4: 59 - 68, 1973.
3. BAGDONAS, M.; MELLO, M. H. S. H.; UNGARO, M. T S.; GUINDANI, C. M. A.; FERREIRA, M. S. & GAETA, R Ensaios biológicos como testes preliminares na detecção de resíduos de inseticidas em frutas e hortaliças. Rev. Soc. Bras. Toxieol. 1: 3 - 5, Jan. 1988 e Jul. 1988.
4. BARNES W. W. & WARE G. W. The absorption and metabolism of C'<labeled endosulfan in house fly.1. Eeon. Entomol. 58: 286 - 291,1965.
5. BARRETO, H. H. C.; INOMATA, O. N. K; LEMES, V. R R KUSSUMI, TA.; SCORSAFA-
VA, M. A. & ROCHA, S. O. Monitoramento de resíduos de pesticidas em alimentos comercializados no Estado de São Paulo em 1994. Pesticidas R. Tée. Cient., 6: 1 - 12, 1996.
6. BARTLETT, B. R A new method for rearing Drosophila and a technique for testing inseticides with this insect. 1. Eeon. Entomol. 44(4): 621, 1951.
7. BEARD, J. E. & WARE, G. W. Fate and endosulfan on plants and grass. 1. Agric. Food Chem. 17(2): 216 - 220, 1969.
8. CHIANG, T; DEAN, M. C. & McDANIEL, C. S A fruit fly bioassay with phosphotriesterase for detection of certain organophosphorous insecticide residues. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxieol. 34(6) 809 814, 1985.
9. CHOPRA, N. M. & MAHFOUZ, A. M. Metabolism of endosulfan I, endosulfan II, and endosulfan sulfate in tobacco leaf. J. Agrie. Food Chem. 25(1): 32 - 36, 1977.
10. GOEBEL, H. Chemical and physical properties of endosulfan and its degradation products. Residue Reviews, 83: 6 - 12, 1982.
11. GOPAL, M. & MUKHERJEE, L Determination of residues of endosulfan and endosulfan sulfate on eggplant, mustard and chickpea. Pestie. Sei. 37(1):
67 - 72,1993.
12. GREVE, P. A. & WIT, S. L. Endosulfan in the Rhine river. 1. Water Pollution Control Fed. 43(12): 2338 - 2348, 1971.
13. GUTHRIE, F. E. Effect of temperature on the toxicity of certain organic insecticides. J. Eeon. Entomol. 43(4): 559 - 560, 1950.
14. HARRIS, C. R. - Influence of temperature on the biological activity of insecticides in soil. J. Eeon. Entomol. 64: 1044 - 1049,1971.
15. HARRIS, C. R. & KINOSHITA, G. B. Influence of posttreatment temperature on the toxicity of pyrethroid insecticides. J. Eeon. Entomol. 70(2): 215 218, 1977.
16. HENNEBERRY, T J.; McGOVERN, W. L; YEOMANS, A. H. & MASON, H. C. Sexing large numbers of Drosophila melanogaster adults by a size diffential. J. Eeon. Entomol. 57(5): 769 - 770, 1964.
17. HOFFMANN, R Análise de probito com determinação da dose letal mediana - Programa probito. Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALQ), USP, Piracicaba, SP, Maio de 1990.
18. HORWITZ, w.; KAMPS, L. R & BOYER, K W. Quality assurance in the analysis of foods for trace constituents. 1. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 63: 13441354, 1980
19. JOSEPH Jr, H. & KNOBEL, M. G. Estudo preliminar da sensibilidade de moscas Drosophila melanogaster a diversos pesticidas organoclorados. Rev. Inst. Adolfo Lutz: 40(1): 43-47, 1980.
20. LAUG, E. P. A biological assay method for determining 2,2 bis (p- chloropheny 1)-1,1,1, trichloroethane (DDT). J. Pharm. Exptl. Terap. 86: 324 31, 1946.
21. LEMES, V. R R; INOMATA, O. N. K & BARRETTO, H. H. C. Resíduos de endosulfan em tubérculos e frutos. Rev. Inst. Adolfo Lutz, 53(1/2): 49-54, 1993.
22. LICHTENSTEIN, E. P., MORGAN, D. G. & MUELLER, C. H. Naturally occurring insecticides in cruciferous crops. 1. Agrie. Food Chem. 12(2): 158 - 161, 1964.
23. LINDQUIST, D. A. & DAHM, P. A. - Some chemical and biological experimental with thiodan. J. Econ. Entomol. 50: 483 - 6,1957.
24. LUKE, M. A.; FROBERG, J. E. & MASUMOTO, H. T Extraction and cleanup of organochlorine, organophosphate, organonitrogen, and hydrocarbon pesticides in produce for determination by gasliquid chromatography. 1. Assoc. Off.Anal. Chem. 58(5): 1020 - 1026, 1975.
25. MARTENS, R Degradation of [8,9·J4C]endosulfan by soil microorganisms. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 31(6): 853 - 858,1976.
26. MILES, J. R W. & MOY, P. Degradation of endosulfan and its metabolites by a mixed culture of soil microorganisms. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 23: 13 - 19, 1979.
27. MUKHERJEE, L GOPAL, M. & YADURAJU, N. T. HCH, endosulfan, and fluvalinate residue behavior in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp). Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxieol. 48(1): 163 - 70, 1992.
28. MUKHERJEE, L M. & GOPAL, M. lnterconversion of stereoisomers of endosulfan on chickpea crop under field conditions. Pestie. Sei. 40(2): 103 - 106,1994.
29. OLIVEIRA, J. J. V. & TOLEDO, M. C. F. Resíduos de agrotóxicos em morangos. Pesticidas R. Téc. Cient. 5: 95 - 110,1995.
30. PUGA, F. R; RUBANO, S. - Determinação de resíduos de inseticidas através de bioensaio com Drosophila melanogaster. In: ALMEIDA, W. F. (ed.) Métodos prácticos para detección de resíduos de plaguicidas. Centro Panamericano de Ecologia Humana y Salud, OPS/OMS, México: 1987. p. 37-43.
31. RAO, D. M. R. & MURTY, A S. Persistence of endosulfan in soils. J. Agric. Food Chem. 28(6): 1099 - 1101, 1980.
32. SINGH, N. c., DASGUPTA, T. P. ROBERTS, E. V. & MANSINGH, A Dynamics of pesticides in tropical conditions. 1. Kinetic studies of vo1atilization, hydrolysis, and photolysis of dieldrin and - andendosulfan. J. Agrie. Food Chem. 39(3): 575 -
579, 1991.
33. SOARES, I. A A; GOULART, M. C. B.; QUEIROZ, R L.; MELLO, S. M. M.;
AZEVEDO, S. F. & ÁVILA, J. T. Levantamento de resíduos de inseticidas organoclorados e de malation e paration em frutas e hortaliças na CEASA/MG - 1983 1986. ln: XI encontro nacional de analistas de residuos de pesticidas. São Paulo, Junho, 03 a 05, 1987: relatório. São Paulo: lnst. Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo. 1987. p. 75 - 84.
34. STEWART, D. K. R & CAIRNS, K. G. Endosulfan persistence in soil and uptake by potato tubers. J. Agric. Food Chem. 22(6): 984 - 986, 1974.
35. STORER, I. T.; USINGER, R. L.; STEBBINS, R.C. NYBAKKEN, J. W. Zoologia Geral; Trad. de Ericka Schlenz e Francisco A. A. Sampaio. 6. Ed. São Paulo: Editora Nacional, 1991. 816p.
36. SUN, Y. P.; JOHNSON, E. R PANKASKIE, J. E. EARLE, N. W. & SUN, J. T. - Factors affecting residues-film bioassay of insecticide residues. 1. Assoc. Off.Anal. Chem. 46(3): 530 - 542, 1963.
37. SUN, Y. P. & PANKASKIE, J. E. Drosophila, a sensitive insect, for the microbioassay of insecticide residues. 1. Econ. Entomol, 47(1): 180 - 181,
1954.
38. UNGARO, M. T. S.; GUINDANI, C. M. A.; FERREIRA, M. S. & BAGDONAS, M. Resíduos de inseticidas clorados e fosforados em frutas e hortaliças (III). Biológico, São Paulo 53(7/12): 51 56, 1987.
39. World Health Organization (WHO/IPCS): Endosulfan. Environmental Health Criteria 40. Geneva, 1984. 62p.
40. ZIMMERING, S. - Utility of Drosophila for detection of potential environmental chemical mutagens. Ann. New YorkAcad. Sei. 269: 26 - 33, 1975.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 1999 Instituto Adolfo Lutz Journal
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.