Keywords
Mycotoxins
fumonisins
corn
high performance liquid chromatography
fumonisins
corn
high performance liquid chromatography
How to Cite
1.
Magda Camargos S, Machinski Junior M, M.Valente Soares L. Evaluation of analytical methods and optimization of conditions for the determination of fumonisins B1 and B2 in corn. Rev Inst Adolfo Lutz [Internet]. 1999 Dec. 30 [cited 2024 Jul. 22];58(2):71-9. Available from: https://periodicos.saude.sp.gov.br/RIAL/article/view/36696
Abstract
Extraction and clean up systems were evaluated for the determination of fumonisins in com. The best clean up was found in the method described by Sydenham et alii (1992). Recovery, nonetheless, was found to be bellow 50% for fumonisins B I and B2 (FB 1 and FB2). The method was modified and methanol/water (3+ I) was kept as the extraction solvent, the volumes of the anionic exchange column conditioning and washing solvents were increased to 10 mL and both the volume and the composition of the eluting solvent were altered to 20 mL methanol/acetic acid (95+5). After these modifications were introduced the method recovery was 95 to 96% for FB 1 and 69 to 72% for FB2. The eIution solvent for the HPLC with fIourescence detection step was also modified to acetonitrile/water/acetic acid (50+50+0,5) during the first 15 minutes followed by pure acetonitrile for the rest of the run. The conditions employed during the derivatization reaction of fumonsins with o-phtaldialdehyde (OPA) were also optimized to utilize 100 L sample extract and 200 L OPA solution at 5 - 15 T during 60 seconds. The new conditions improved the detection limits to 20 and 40 ng/g for FB 1 and FB2, respectively, and to an average standard deviation between duplicates of 0,6% for FB I and for FB2.
References
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2. AOAC INTERNATIONAL. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International. 16ª Edição, 3ª Revisão, Gaithersburg, M.D., 1997.
3. ASEVEDO, I.G. Estudo da microbiota fúngica e influência da temperatura e umidade na produção de aflatoxinas por Aspergillus flavus Link, 1809 em amostras de milho provenientes de silos. São Paulo, Dissertação de Mestrado - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, 1988.
4. BEZUIDENHOUT, s.c., GELDERBLOM, W.e.A; GORST-ALLMAN, c.n, HORAK, R.M.; MARASAS, W.F.O.; SPITELLER, G. & VLEGGARR, R Structure elucidation of the fumonisins, mycotoxins from Fusarium moniliforme. J. Chem. Soe. Chem. Comm., 11: 743-745, 1988.
5. BUCCI, T; HANSEN, D.K. & LABORDE, J.B. Leukoencephalomalacia and hemorrhage in the brain of rabbits gavaged with mycotoxin Fumonisin B( Nat. Tox., 4: 51-52, 1996.
6. BULLERMAN, L.B. Occurrence of Fusarium and fumonisins on food grains and in foods. In: Fumonsins in Food, New York, Jackson, L.S.; DeVries, J.W.; Bullerman, L.B. (eds)., 1995, p. 27 - 38.
7. BURGESS, L.W. & TRIMBOLI, D. Characterization and distribution of Fusarium nygamai, sp. Mycologia, 78: 223-229, 1986.
8. CHU, F.S. & LI, G.Y. Simultaneous occurrence of fumonisin B 1 and other mycotoxins in moldy com collected from the People's Republic of China in regions with high incidence of esophageal cancer. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 60: 847 - 852, 1994.
9. COLVIN, B.M. & HARRISON, L.R Fumonisininduced pulmonary edema and hydrothorax in swine. Mycopathol., 1l7: 79-82, 1992.
10. CORREA, B.; POZZI, c.x., GAMBALE, W.; PAULA, C.R. & CHACON-RECHE, N.O. Postharvest and stored' com in Brazil. Mycoflora, interation abiotic factors, and mycotoxins occurrence. Intemationa1 IUPAC Symposium on Myeotoxins and Phycotoxins, Mexico City, Livro de Resumos, 1992, p. 123.
11. GELDERBLOM, W.e.A; KRIEK, N.P.J.; MARASAS, W.F.O. & THIEL, P.G. - Toxicity and carcinogenicity of the Fusarium moniliforme metabolite, fumonisin B 1, in rats. Carcinogenesis, 12: 12471251, 1991.
12. GELDERBLOM, W.e.A; MARASAS, W.F.O.; VLEGGAR, R; THIEL, P.G. & CAWOOD, M.E. - Fumonisins: iso1ation, chernical, characterization and biological effects. Mycopathol., 1l7: 11-16, 1992.
13. HIROOKA, E.Y.; YAMAGUCHI, M.M.; AOYA-MA, S.; SUGIURA, Y. & UENO, Y. - The natural occurrence of fumonisins in Brazilian com kernels. FoodAdd. Contam., 13: 173-183,1996.
14. INSTITUTO BRASILEIRO DE GEOGRAFIA E ESTATÍSTICA Anuário Estatístico do Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, 1996.
15. NELSON, P.E.; TOUSSOUN, TA & MARASAS, W.F.O., Fusarium species. An illustrated manual for identifieation. State College, Pa., 1983, 203 p.
16. PATEL, S.; HAZEL, e.M.; WINTERTON, A .G.M. & GLEADLE, A .E. Surveillance of fumonisins in UK maize-based foods and other cereals. FoodAdd. Contam. 14: 187 - 191, 1997.
17. PRADO, G.; LEITE, M.P.M.B. & NICÁCIO, M.AS. Estudo comparativo de métodos analíticos para quantificação de aflatoxinas em ração animal. Bol. SBCTA, 27: 9-13,1993.
18. ROSS, P.F.; LEDET, AE.; OWENS, D.L.; RICE, L.G.; NELSON, H.A; OSWEILER, G.D. & WILSON, TM. Experimental equine 1eukoencephaloma1acia, toxic hepatosis, and encephalopathy caused by com naturally contamined with fumonisins. J. VetoDiag. Investig., 5: 69-74, 1993.
19. SALGADO, J.M. & CARVALHO, P.C.T Fungos toxigênicos associados a cereais. I Levantamento da microbiota do milho, trigo e arroz. Rev. Microbiol., 11: 60-63, 1980.
20. SHEPHARD, G.S. Chromatographic determination of the fumonisin mycotoxins. J. Chromatogr. 815: 31-39, 1998.
21. SHEPHARD, G.S.; THIEL, P.G.; STOCKENS-TROM, S. & SYDENHAM, E.W. Worldwide survey of fumonisin contaminated of com and combased products. J. AOAC Int., 79: 671-687,1996.
22. SOARES, L.M.V. & RODRIGUEZ-AMAYA, D.B. Survey of aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, zearalenone, and sterigmatocystin in some Brazilian foods, utilizing a multi-toxin thin layer chromatographic method. J. Assoe. Off. Anal. Chem., 72: 22-26, 1989.
23. SYDENHAM, E.W.; MARASAS, W.F.O.; SHEPHARD, G.S.; THIEL, P.G. & HIROOKA, E.Y. Fumonisin concentration in Brazilian feeds associated with field outbreaks of confirmed and suspected animal mycotoxicoses. 1. Agric. Food Chem., 40: 994-997, 1992.
24. SYDENHAM, E.W. & SHEPHARD, G.S. Chromatographic and allied methods of analysis for selected mycotoxins. London, Gilbert, J. (ed), Progress in Food Contaminat Analysis, 1996, p.65 - 146.
25. SYDENHAM, E.C.; SHEPHARD, G.S. & THIEL, P.G. Liquid chromatographic determination of fumonisins B , B , and B in foods and feeds. J. AOAC Int., 75: 313-318,1992.
26. SYDENHAM, E.C.; SHEPHARD, G.S.; THIEL, PG.; STOCKENSTROM, S.; SNIJMAN, PW. & VAN SCHALKWYK, D.I. - Liquid Chromatographic determination of fumonisins Bl' B2 and Bô in corn: AOAC-IUPAC collaborative study. J. AOAC Int., 79: 688-696, 1996.
27. SYDENHAM, E.W.; THIEL, P.G.; MARASAS, W.F.O; SHEPHARD, G.S.; VAN SCHALKWYK, DJ. & KOCH, K.R. Natural occurrence of some Fusarium mycotoxins in corn from low and high esophageal cancer prevalence areas of the Transkei, Southern Africa. I. Agric. Food Chem., 38: 19001903, 1990.
28. THAKUR, RA & SMITH, J. S. Determination of fumonisins B 1 and B2 and their major hydrolysis products in corn, feed, and meat, using HPLC. J. Agric. Food Chem., 44:1047-1052,1996.
29. THIEL, PG.; MARASAS, W.F.O .; SYDENHAM, E.W.; SHEPHARD, G.S. & GELDERBLOM, W.C.A - The implications of naturally occurring levels of fumonisins in corn for human and animal health. Mycopathol., 117: 3-9, 1992.
30. THIEL, PG.; MARASAS, W.F.O.; SYDENHAM, E.W.; SHEPHARD, G.S.; GELDERBLOM, W.C.A & NIEUWENHUIS, J.J. Survey offumonisin production by Fusarium species. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 57: 1089-1093, 1991.
31. THIEL, P.G.; SYDENHAM, E.C.; SHEPHARD, G.S. & Van SCHALKWYK, D.J. - Study of the reproducibility characteristics of a Liquid Chromatographic method for the determination of fumonisins Bj and B2 in corn: IUPAC collaborative study. J. AOAC Int., 76: 361-366, 1993.
32. UENO, Y; AOYAMA, S.; SUGIURA, Y; WANG, D.S.; LEE, U.S.; HIROOKA, E.Y; HARA, S.; KARKI, T.; CHEN, G. & YU, S.Z. Alimited survey of fumonisins in corn and corn-based products in Asian countries. Mycotoxin Res., 9:, 27-34, 1993.
33. VISCONTI, A.; BOENKE, A.; SOLFRIZO, M.; PASCALE, M.& DOKO,.M.B. European intercomparison study for the determination of the fumonisins content in two maize materials, Food Add. Contam. 13: 909 - 927, 1996.
34. VISCONTI, A; DOKO, M.B.; BOTTALICO, C., SCHURER, B. & BOENKE, A Stability of fumonisins (FB 1 and FB2) m solution. Food Add. Contam., 11: 427-431, 1994.
35. WARE, G.M.; FRANCIS, O ., KUAN, S.S.; UMRIGAR, P.; CARMAN,A .& CARTER, L. Determination of fumonisin B 1 in corn by high performance liquid chromatography with flourescence detection, Anal. Lett., 26: 1751 - 1770,1993.
36. WENTZ, I.; SILVEIRA, PRS.; SOBESTIANSKY, J.; SANTOS, C.RM. & REES, U. Fusariotoxicoses e estrogenismo em suínos. Comunicação Técnica
CNPSA/EMBRAPA,24: 1-3,1981.
46. ZOLLER, O.; SAGER, F. & ZIMMERLI, B. Vorkommem von fumonisin in Lebensmitte1n. Mitt. Geb. Lebensmitt. Hyg., 85:. 81-99, 1994.
2. AOAC INTERNATIONAL. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International. 16ª Edição, 3ª Revisão, Gaithersburg, M.D., 1997.
3. ASEVEDO, I.G. Estudo da microbiota fúngica e influência da temperatura e umidade na produção de aflatoxinas por Aspergillus flavus Link, 1809 em amostras de milho provenientes de silos. São Paulo, Dissertação de Mestrado - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, 1988.
4. BEZUIDENHOUT, s.c., GELDERBLOM, W.e.A; GORST-ALLMAN, c.n, HORAK, R.M.; MARASAS, W.F.O.; SPITELLER, G. & VLEGGARR, R Structure elucidation of the fumonisins, mycotoxins from Fusarium moniliforme. J. Chem. Soe. Chem. Comm., 11: 743-745, 1988.
5. BUCCI, T; HANSEN, D.K. & LABORDE, J.B. Leukoencephalomalacia and hemorrhage in the brain of rabbits gavaged with mycotoxin Fumonisin B( Nat. Tox., 4: 51-52, 1996.
6. BULLERMAN, L.B. Occurrence of Fusarium and fumonisins on food grains and in foods. In: Fumonsins in Food, New York, Jackson, L.S.; DeVries, J.W.; Bullerman, L.B. (eds)., 1995, p. 27 - 38.
7. BURGESS, L.W. & TRIMBOLI, D. Characterization and distribution of Fusarium nygamai, sp. Mycologia, 78: 223-229, 1986.
8. CHU, F.S. & LI, G.Y. Simultaneous occurrence of fumonisin B 1 and other mycotoxins in moldy com collected from the People's Republic of China in regions with high incidence of esophageal cancer. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 60: 847 - 852, 1994.
9. COLVIN, B.M. & HARRISON, L.R Fumonisininduced pulmonary edema and hydrothorax in swine. Mycopathol., 1l7: 79-82, 1992.
10. CORREA, B.; POZZI, c.x., GAMBALE, W.; PAULA, C.R. & CHACON-RECHE, N.O. Postharvest and stored' com in Brazil. Mycoflora, interation abiotic factors, and mycotoxins occurrence. Intemationa1 IUPAC Symposium on Myeotoxins and Phycotoxins, Mexico City, Livro de Resumos, 1992, p. 123.
11. GELDERBLOM, W.e.A; KRIEK, N.P.J.; MARASAS, W.F.O. & THIEL, P.G. - Toxicity and carcinogenicity of the Fusarium moniliforme metabolite, fumonisin B 1, in rats. Carcinogenesis, 12: 12471251, 1991.
12. GELDERBLOM, W.e.A; MARASAS, W.F.O.; VLEGGAR, R; THIEL, P.G. & CAWOOD, M.E. - Fumonisins: iso1ation, chernical, characterization and biological effects. Mycopathol., 1l7: 11-16, 1992.
13. HIROOKA, E.Y.; YAMAGUCHI, M.M.; AOYA-MA, S.; SUGIURA, Y. & UENO, Y. - The natural occurrence of fumonisins in Brazilian com kernels. FoodAdd. Contam., 13: 173-183,1996.
14. INSTITUTO BRASILEIRO DE GEOGRAFIA E ESTATÍSTICA Anuário Estatístico do Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, 1996.
15. NELSON, P.E.; TOUSSOUN, TA & MARASAS, W.F.O., Fusarium species. An illustrated manual for identifieation. State College, Pa., 1983, 203 p.
16. PATEL, S.; HAZEL, e.M.; WINTERTON, A .G.M. & GLEADLE, A .E. Surveillance of fumonisins in UK maize-based foods and other cereals. FoodAdd. Contam. 14: 187 - 191, 1997.
17. PRADO, G.; LEITE, M.P.M.B. & NICÁCIO, M.AS. Estudo comparativo de métodos analíticos para quantificação de aflatoxinas em ração animal. Bol. SBCTA, 27: 9-13,1993.
18. ROSS, P.F.; LEDET, AE.; OWENS, D.L.; RICE, L.G.; NELSON, H.A; OSWEILER, G.D. & WILSON, TM. Experimental equine 1eukoencephaloma1acia, toxic hepatosis, and encephalopathy caused by com naturally contamined with fumonisins. J. VetoDiag. Investig., 5: 69-74, 1993.
19. SALGADO, J.M. & CARVALHO, P.C.T Fungos toxigênicos associados a cereais. I Levantamento da microbiota do milho, trigo e arroz. Rev. Microbiol., 11: 60-63, 1980.
20. SHEPHARD, G.S. Chromatographic determination of the fumonisin mycotoxins. J. Chromatogr. 815: 31-39, 1998.
21. SHEPHARD, G.S.; THIEL, P.G.; STOCKENS-TROM, S. & SYDENHAM, E.W. Worldwide survey of fumonisin contaminated of com and combased products. J. AOAC Int., 79: 671-687,1996.
22. SOARES, L.M.V. & RODRIGUEZ-AMAYA, D.B. Survey of aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, zearalenone, and sterigmatocystin in some Brazilian foods, utilizing a multi-toxin thin layer chromatographic method. J. Assoe. Off. Anal. Chem., 72: 22-26, 1989.
23. SYDENHAM, E.W.; MARASAS, W.F.O.; SHEPHARD, G.S.; THIEL, P.G. & HIROOKA, E.Y. Fumonisin concentration in Brazilian feeds associated with field outbreaks of confirmed and suspected animal mycotoxicoses. 1. Agric. Food Chem., 40: 994-997, 1992.
24. SYDENHAM, E.W. & SHEPHARD, G.S. Chromatographic and allied methods of analysis for selected mycotoxins. London, Gilbert, J. (ed), Progress in Food Contaminat Analysis, 1996, p.65 - 146.
25. SYDENHAM, E.C.; SHEPHARD, G.S. & THIEL, P.G. Liquid chromatographic determination of fumonisins B , B , and B in foods and feeds. J. AOAC Int., 75: 313-318,1992.
26. SYDENHAM, E.C.; SHEPHARD, G.S.; THIEL, PG.; STOCKENSTROM, S.; SNIJMAN, PW. & VAN SCHALKWYK, D.I. - Liquid Chromatographic determination of fumonisins Bl' B2 and Bô in corn: AOAC-IUPAC collaborative study. J. AOAC Int., 79: 688-696, 1996.
27. SYDENHAM, E.W.; THIEL, P.G.; MARASAS, W.F.O; SHEPHARD, G.S.; VAN SCHALKWYK, DJ. & KOCH, K.R. Natural occurrence of some Fusarium mycotoxins in corn from low and high esophageal cancer prevalence areas of the Transkei, Southern Africa. I. Agric. Food Chem., 38: 19001903, 1990.
28. THAKUR, RA & SMITH, J. S. Determination of fumonisins B 1 and B2 and their major hydrolysis products in corn, feed, and meat, using HPLC. J. Agric. Food Chem., 44:1047-1052,1996.
29. THIEL, PG.; MARASAS, W.F.O .; SYDENHAM, E.W.; SHEPHARD, G.S. & GELDERBLOM, W.C.A - The implications of naturally occurring levels of fumonisins in corn for human and animal health. Mycopathol., 117: 3-9, 1992.
30. THIEL, PG.; MARASAS, W.F.O.; SYDENHAM, E.W.; SHEPHARD, G.S.; GELDERBLOM, W.C.A & NIEUWENHUIS, J.J. Survey offumonisin production by Fusarium species. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 57: 1089-1093, 1991.
31. THIEL, P.G.; SYDENHAM, E.C.; SHEPHARD, G.S. & Van SCHALKWYK, D.J. - Study of the reproducibility characteristics of a Liquid Chromatographic method for the determination of fumonisins Bj and B2 in corn: IUPAC collaborative study. J. AOAC Int., 76: 361-366, 1993.
32. UENO, Y; AOYAMA, S.; SUGIURA, Y; WANG, D.S.; LEE, U.S.; HIROOKA, E.Y; HARA, S.; KARKI, T.; CHEN, G. & YU, S.Z. Alimited survey of fumonisins in corn and corn-based products in Asian countries. Mycotoxin Res., 9:, 27-34, 1993.
33. VISCONTI, A.; BOENKE, A.; SOLFRIZO, M.; PASCALE, M.& DOKO,.M.B. European intercomparison study for the determination of the fumonisins content in two maize materials, Food Add. Contam. 13: 909 - 927, 1996.
34. VISCONTI, A; DOKO, M.B.; BOTTALICO, C., SCHURER, B. & BOENKE, A Stability of fumonisins (FB 1 and FB2) m solution. Food Add. Contam., 11: 427-431, 1994.
35. WARE, G.M.; FRANCIS, O ., KUAN, S.S.; UMRIGAR, P.; CARMAN,A .& CARTER, L. Determination of fumonisin B 1 in corn by high performance liquid chromatography with flourescence detection, Anal. Lett., 26: 1751 - 1770,1993.
36. WENTZ, I.; SILVEIRA, PRS.; SOBESTIANSKY, J.; SANTOS, C.RM. & REES, U. Fusariotoxicoses e estrogenismo em suínos. Comunicação Técnica
CNPSA/EMBRAPA,24: 1-3,1981.
46. ZOLLER, O.; SAGER, F. & ZIMMERLI, B. Vorkommem von fumonisin in Lebensmitte1n. Mitt. Geb. Lebensmitt. Hyg., 85:. 81-99, 1994.
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Copyright (c) 1999 Instituto Adolfo Lutz Journal
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