Keywords
Menopause
Phytoestrogens
Functional Food
Dietary Supplements
Phytoestrogens
Functional Food
Dietary Supplements
How to Cite
1.
Frigo M, Barros E de, Santos PC de B dos, Koehnlein EA. Isoflavones as alternative treatment in climacteric symptomatology: a systematic review. Rev Inst Adolfo Lutz [Internet]. 2021 Dec. 10 [cited 2024 Jul. 22];80:1-14,e37249. Available from: https://periodicos.saude.sp.gov.br/RIAL/article/view/37249
Abstract
The climacteric is a natural phase during women’s life, which occurs between 40 and 65 years. It is characterized by the transition from their reproductive to non-reproductive phase. In this period, due to hormonal changes, biological, endocrine and clinical modifications also occur. Vasomotor symptoms are characteristic of hypoestrogenism and can negatively affect women’s quality of life. This study aimed to review the results of intervention studies which used isoflavones to treat the symptoms of climacteric women who did not undergo Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT). A systematic review of articles published between 2008 and 2019 in the PubMed database was carried out. 169 studies were found, and considering the inclusion criteria, 18 articles were selected, in which it was described isoflavones intervention with capsules and/ or supplements or foods for the treatment of climacteric syndrome. Positive results were observed regarding to global symptoms, with emphasis on vasomotor symptoms in more than half of the studies, in which daily doses of isoflavones, between 45 mg to 160 mg, for at least 12 weeks, were administered specifically in postmenopausal women.
References
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2. Silva HCS, Prata JN, Rezende LMS. Efeitos das isoflavonas de soja sobre os sintomas climatéricos. Cient Ciênc Biol Saúde. 2013;15(3):239-44. Disponível em: https://revista.pgsskroton.com/index.php/JHealthSci/article/view/687
3. Bień A, Rzońca E, Iwanowicz-Palus G, Pańczyk-Szeptuch M. The influence of climacteric symptoms on women’s lives and activities. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2015;12(4):3835-46. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph120403835
4. Oliveira PC, Cerqueira EMM, Meireles JRC. Avaliação de danos genéticos e apoptose em mulheres menopausadas que fazem uso da terapia de reposição hormonal. Reprod Clim. 2016;31(3):163-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.recli.2016.08.005
5. Souto NF, Moreira CB, Barros PAS, Fernandes AFC, Santos MCL. Hormone
replacement therapy in menopause as a risk factor for developing breast cancer. J res.: fundam care. Online. 2014;6(3):1302-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.9789/2175-5361.2014v6n3p1302
6. Colli MC, Bracht A, Soares AA, Oliveira AL, Bôer, CG, Souza CGM et al. Evaluation of the efficacy of flaxseed meal and flaxseed extract in reducing menopausal symptoms. J Med Food. 2012;15(9):840-5. https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2011.0228
7. Liu ZM, Ho CS, Chen YM, Woo J. Can soy intake affect serum uric acid level? Pooled analysis from two 6-month randomized controlled trials among Chinese postmenopausal women with pre diabetes or prehypertension. Eur J Nutr. 2015;54(1):51-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00394-014-0684-1
8. Bedell S, Nachtigall M, Naftolin F. The pros and cons of plant estrogens for menopause. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2014;139:225-36. http://doi.org/10.13037/rbcs.vol14n49.3545
9. Guerra TRB, Boaventura GT. Consumo de fitoestrógeno linhaça e níveis lipídicos na menopausa: o que há de evidência? Rev Aten Saúde. 2016;14(49):92-7. Disponível em: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312343518
10. Ministério da Saúde (BR). Secretaria de Ciência, Tecnologia e Insumos Estratégicos. Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia. Diretrizes metodológicas: elaboração de revisão sistemática e metanálise de ensaios clínicos randomizados. Brasília (DF): Editora do Ministério da Saúde, 2012. Disponível em: https://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/publicacoes/diretrizes_metodologicas_elaboracao_sistematica.pdf
11. Ferrari A. Soy extract phytoestrogens with high dose of isoflavones for menopausal symptoms. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2009;35(6):1083-90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1447-0756.2009.01058.x
12. Lipovac M, Chedraui P, Gruenhut C, Gocan A, Stammler M, Imhof M. Improvement of postmenopausal depressive and anxiety symptoms after treatment with isoflavones derived from red clover extracts. Maturitas. 2010;65:258-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2009.10.014
13. Hachul H, Brandão LC, D’Almeida V, Bittencourt LRA, Baracat EC, Tufik S. Isoflavones decrease insomnia in postmenopause. Menopause. 2011;18(2):178-84. https://doi.org/10.1097/gme.0b013e3181ecf9b9
14. Lipovac M, Chedraui P, Gruenhut C, Gocan A, Kurz C, Neuber B et al. The
effect of red clover isoflavone supplementation over vasomotor and menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2012;28(3):203-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09513590.2011.593671
15. Ye YB, Wang ZL, Zhuo SY, Lu W, Liao HF, Verbruggen M et al. Soy germ isoflavones improve menopausal symptoms but have no effect on blood lipids in early postmenopausal Chinese women: a randomized placebo–controlled trial. Menopause. 2012;19(7):791-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/gme.0b013e31823dbeda
16. Amato P, Young RL, Steinberg FM, Murray MJ, Lewis RD, Cramer MA et al. Effect of soy isoflavone supplementation on menopausal quality of life. Menopause. 2013;20(4):443-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/gme.0b013e318275025e
17. Malik S, Pannu D, Prateek S, Sinha R, Gaikwad H. Comparison of the symptomatic response in Indian menopausal women with different estrogen preparations for the treatment of menopausal symptoms: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2016;293(6):1325-33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00404-016-4034-9
18. Carmignani LO, Pedro AO, Costa-Paiva LH, Pinto-Neto AM. The effect of dietary soy supplementation compared to estrogen and placebo on menopausal symptoms: a randomized controlled trial. Maturitas. 2010;67(3):262-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2010.07.007
19. Battaglia C, Cianciosi A, Mancini F, Fabbri R, Busacchi P, Nappi RE et al. Genistein supplements might not induce clitoral modifications in postmenopausal women: a prospective, pilot study. J Sex Medic. 2009;6(11):3132-8. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01427.x
20. Jenks BH, Iwashita S, Nakagawa Y, Ragland K, Lee J, Carson WH et al. A pilot study on the effects of S-Equol compared to soy isoflavones on menopausal hot flash frequency. J Womens Health. 2012;21(6):674-82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2011.3153
21. Yang TS, Wang SY, Yang YC, Su CH, Lee FK, Chen SC et al. Effects of standardized phytoestrogen on Taiwanese menopausal women. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol. 2012;51(2):229-35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tjog.2012.04.011
22. Palma F, Fontanesi F, Facchinetti F, Cagnacci A. Acupuncture or phy (F) toestrogens vs. (E) strogen plus progestin on menopausal symptoms. A randomized study. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2019;35(11):995-8. https://doi.org/10.1080/09513590.2019.1621835
23. Chedraui P, San Miguel G, Schwager G. The effect of soy-derived isoflavones over hot flushes, menopausal symptoms and mood in climacteric women with increased body mass index. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2011;27(5):307-13. https://doi.org/10.3109/09513590.2010.490614
24. Palacios S, Lilue M, Mejia A, Menendez C. Omega-3 versus isoflavones in the control of vasomotor symptoms in postmenopausal women. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2017;33(12):951-7. https://doi.org/10.1080/09513590.2017.1332588
25. Husain D, Khanna K, Puri S, Haghighizadeh M. Supplementation of soy isoflavones improved sex hormones, blood pressure, and postmenopausal symptoms. J Am Coll Nutr. 2015;34(1):42-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2013.875434
26. Basaria S, Wisniewski A, Dupree K, Bruno T, Song M, Yao F et al. Effect of high-dose isoflavones on cognition, quality of life, androgens, and lipoprotein in post-menopausal women. J Endocrinol Invest. 2009;32(2):150-5. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03345705
27. Liu ZM, Ho SC, Woo J, Chen YM, Wong C. Randomized controlled trial of whole soy and isoflavone daidzein on menopausal symptoms in equol-producing Chinese postmenopausal women. Menopause. 2014;21(6):653-60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/gme.0000000000000102
28. Tranche S, Brotons C, Pisa BP, Macías R, Hevia E, Marzo-Castillejo M. Impact of a soy drink on climacteric symptoms: an open-label, crossover, randomized clinical trial. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2016;32(6):477-82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09513590.2015.1132305
29. Santos TR, Pereira SVM, Santos RL. Intensity of climacteric symptoms in postmenopausal women. Rev Rene. 2016;17(2):225-32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15253/2175-6783.2016000200010
30. Souza VA, Nakamura CV, Corrêa AG. Atividade antichásica de lignanas e neolignanas. Rev Virtual Quim. 2012;4(3):197-207. http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/1984-6835.20120017
31. Zakir MM, Freitas IR. Benefícios à saúde humana do consumo de isoflavonas presentes em produtos derivados da soja. J Bioen Food Sci. 2015;2(3):107-16. Disponível em: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282893057
32. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 141: management of menopausal symptoms. Obstet Gynecol. 2014;123(1),202-16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.AOG.0000441353.20693.78
33. Chen LR, Ko NY, Chen KH. Isoflavone supplements for menopausal women: a systematic review. Nutrients. 2019;11(11):2649. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11112649
34. Sousa RLD, Sousa ESS, Silva JCB, Filizola RG. Fidedignidade do Teste-Reteste na Aplicação do Índice Menopausal de Blatt e Kupperman. Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet. 2000;22(8):481-7. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-72032000000800003
2. Silva HCS, Prata JN, Rezende LMS. Efeitos das isoflavonas de soja sobre os sintomas climatéricos. Cient Ciênc Biol Saúde. 2013;15(3):239-44. Disponível em: https://revista.pgsskroton.com/index.php/JHealthSci/article/view/687
3. Bień A, Rzońca E, Iwanowicz-Palus G, Pańczyk-Szeptuch M. The influence of climacteric symptoms on women’s lives and activities. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2015;12(4):3835-46. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph120403835
4. Oliveira PC, Cerqueira EMM, Meireles JRC. Avaliação de danos genéticos e apoptose em mulheres menopausadas que fazem uso da terapia de reposição hormonal. Reprod Clim. 2016;31(3):163-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.recli.2016.08.005
5. Souto NF, Moreira CB, Barros PAS, Fernandes AFC, Santos MCL. Hormone
replacement therapy in menopause as a risk factor for developing breast cancer. J res.: fundam care. Online. 2014;6(3):1302-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.9789/2175-5361.2014v6n3p1302
6. Colli MC, Bracht A, Soares AA, Oliveira AL, Bôer, CG, Souza CGM et al. Evaluation of the efficacy of flaxseed meal and flaxseed extract in reducing menopausal symptoms. J Med Food. 2012;15(9):840-5. https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2011.0228
7. Liu ZM, Ho CS, Chen YM, Woo J. Can soy intake affect serum uric acid level? Pooled analysis from two 6-month randomized controlled trials among Chinese postmenopausal women with pre diabetes or prehypertension. Eur J Nutr. 2015;54(1):51-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00394-014-0684-1
8. Bedell S, Nachtigall M, Naftolin F. The pros and cons of plant estrogens for menopause. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2014;139:225-36. http://doi.org/10.13037/rbcs.vol14n49.3545
9. Guerra TRB, Boaventura GT. Consumo de fitoestrógeno linhaça e níveis lipídicos na menopausa: o que há de evidência? Rev Aten Saúde. 2016;14(49):92-7. Disponível em: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312343518
10. Ministério da Saúde (BR). Secretaria de Ciência, Tecnologia e Insumos Estratégicos. Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia. Diretrizes metodológicas: elaboração de revisão sistemática e metanálise de ensaios clínicos randomizados. Brasília (DF): Editora do Ministério da Saúde, 2012. Disponível em: https://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/publicacoes/diretrizes_metodologicas_elaboracao_sistematica.pdf
11. Ferrari A. Soy extract phytoestrogens with high dose of isoflavones for menopausal symptoms. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2009;35(6):1083-90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1447-0756.2009.01058.x
12. Lipovac M, Chedraui P, Gruenhut C, Gocan A, Stammler M, Imhof M. Improvement of postmenopausal depressive and anxiety symptoms after treatment with isoflavones derived from red clover extracts. Maturitas. 2010;65:258-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2009.10.014
13. Hachul H, Brandão LC, D’Almeida V, Bittencourt LRA, Baracat EC, Tufik S. Isoflavones decrease insomnia in postmenopause. Menopause. 2011;18(2):178-84. https://doi.org/10.1097/gme.0b013e3181ecf9b9
14. Lipovac M, Chedraui P, Gruenhut C, Gocan A, Kurz C, Neuber B et al. The
effect of red clover isoflavone supplementation over vasomotor and menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2012;28(3):203-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09513590.2011.593671
15. Ye YB, Wang ZL, Zhuo SY, Lu W, Liao HF, Verbruggen M et al. Soy germ isoflavones improve menopausal symptoms but have no effect on blood lipids in early postmenopausal Chinese women: a randomized placebo–controlled trial. Menopause. 2012;19(7):791-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/gme.0b013e31823dbeda
16. Amato P, Young RL, Steinberg FM, Murray MJ, Lewis RD, Cramer MA et al. Effect of soy isoflavone supplementation on menopausal quality of life. Menopause. 2013;20(4):443-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/gme.0b013e318275025e
17. Malik S, Pannu D, Prateek S, Sinha R, Gaikwad H. Comparison of the symptomatic response in Indian menopausal women with different estrogen preparations for the treatment of menopausal symptoms: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2016;293(6):1325-33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00404-016-4034-9
18. Carmignani LO, Pedro AO, Costa-Paiva LH, Pinto-Neto AM. The effect of dietary soy supplementation compared to estrogen and placebo on menopausal symptoms: a randomized controlled trial. Maturitas. 2010;67(3):262-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2010.07.007
19. Battaglia C, Cianciosi A, Mancini F, Fabbri R, Busacchi P, Nappi RE et al. Genistein supplements might not induce clitoral modifications in postmenopausal women: a prospective, pilot study. J Sex Medic. 2009;6(11):3132-8. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01427.x
20. Jenks BH, Iwashita S, Nakagawa Y, Ragland K, Lee J, Carson WH et al. A pilot study on the effects of S-Equol compared to soy isoflavones on menopausal hot flash frequency. J Womens Health. 2012;21(6):674-82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2011.3153
21. Yang TS, Wang SY, Yang YC, Su CH, Lee FK, Chen SC et al. Effects of standardized phytoestrogen on Taiwanese menopausal women. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol. 2012;51(2):229-35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tjog.2012.04.011
22. Palma F, Fontanesi F, Facchinetti F, Cagnacci A. Acupuncture or phy (F) toestrogens vs. (E) strogen plus progestin on menopausal symptoms. A randomized study. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2019;35(11):995-8. https://doi.org/10.1080/09513590.2019.1621835
23. Chedraui P, San Miguel G, Schwager G. The effect of soy-derived isoflavones over hot flushes, menopausal symptoms and mood in climacteric women with increased body mass index. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2011;27(5):307-13. https://doi.org/10.3109/09513590.2010.490614
24. Palacios S, Lilue M, Mejia A, Menendez C. Omega-3 versus isoflavones in the control of vasomotor symptoms in postmenopausal women. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2017;33(12):951-7. https://doi.org/10.1080/09513590.2017.1332588
25. Husain D, Khanna K, Puri S, Haghighizadeh M. Supplementation of soy isoflavones improved sex hormones, blood pressure, and postmenopausal symptoms. J Am Coll Nutr. 2015;34(1):42-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2013.875434
26. Basaria S, Wisniewski A, Dupree K, Bruno T, Song M, Yao F et al. Effect of high-dose isoflavones on cognition, quality of life, androgens, and lipoprotein in post-menopausal women. J Endocrinol Invest. 2009;32(2):150-5. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03345705
27. Liu ZM, Ho SC, Woo J, Chen YM, Wong C. Randomized controlled trial of whole soy and isoflavone daidzein on menopausal symptoms in equol-producing Chinese postmenopausal women. Menopause. 2014;21(6):653-60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/gme.0000000000000102
28. Tranche S, Brotons C, Pisa BP, Macías R, Hevia E, Marzo-Castillejo M. Impact of a soy drink on climacteric symptoms: an open-label, crossover, randomized clinical trial. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2016;32(6):477-82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09513590.2015.1132305
29. Santos TR, Pereira SVM, Santos RL. Intensity of climacteric symptoms in postmenopausal women. Rev Rene. 2016;17(2):225-32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15253/2175-6783.2016000200010
30. Souza VA, Nakamura CV, Corrêa AG. Atividade antichásica de lignanas e neolignanas. Rev Virtual Quim. 2012;4(3):197-207. http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/1984-6835.20120017
31. Zakir MM, Freitas IR. Benefícios à saúde humana do consumo de isoflavonas presentes em produtos derivados da soja. J Bioen Food Sci. 2015;2(3):107-16. Disponível em: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282893057
32. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 141: management of menopausal symptoms. Obstet Gynecol. 2014;123(1),202-16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.AOG.0000441353.20693.78
33. Chen LR, Ko NY, Chen KH. Isoflavone supplements for menopausal women: a systematic review. Nutrients. 2019;11(11):2649. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11112649
34. Sousa RLD, Sousa ESS, Silva JCB, Filizola RG. Fidedignidade do Teste-Reteste na Aplicação do Índice Menopausal de Blatt e Kupperman. Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet. 2000;22(8):481-7. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-72032000000800003
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