Keywords
Spices
Microscopy
Food Quality
Legislation
Food
Microscopy
Food Quality
Legislation
Food
How to Cite
1.
Prado S de PT, Rodrigues ML, Aquino CI de, Iha MH. Microscopic contamination by foreign matter in nutmeg, turmeric, ginger, colorific, black pepper and paprika marketed in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. (Part I). Rev Inst Adolfo Lutz [Internet]. 2021 Dec. 30 [cited 2024 Dec. 4];80:1-14,e37291. Available from: https://periodicos.saude.sp.gov.br/RIAL/article/view/37291
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate the presence of foreign matter in nutmeg, (Myristica fragrans Houttuyn), turmeric (Curcuma longa Linnaeus), ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe), colorific (mixture of annatto [Bixa orellana Linnaeus] with cornmeal), black pepper (Piper nigrum Linnaeus) and paprika (Capsicum annuum Linnaeus) according to the health legislation. A total of 180 samples were analyzed using the methods recommended by AOAC International, from May 2018 to May 2020. The presence of at least one foreign matter was observed in 80% of the samples. Animal’s hairs were observed in all the evaluated products and insect’s fragments were found in the most of the samples. Mites, whole insects, insect larvae, barbules and exuvia were also found, as wellas synthetic fibers and microplastic fragments. About legislation, 47.8% of the samples were above the tolerance limits, of these, 90.7% for containing foreign matters indicating failure of good practices and 9.3% for foreign matters indicating health risk. The results obtained show inefficiency in the application of good practice measures in production chain and advertise for the intensification of inspection directed to fulfillment of sanitary norms, besides provoking the reflection on the necessity of alterations in the legislation about foreign matter in foods.
References
1. Parry JW. The story of spices. 1st ed. New York: Chemical Publishing Co. Inc.; 1953. 208p.
2. Embuscado ME. Spices and herbs: natural sources of antioxidants - a mini review. J Funct Foods. 2015;(18):811-9. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2015.03.005
3. Ministério da Saúde (BR). Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária. Resolução da Diretoria Colegiada RDC nº 276, de 22 de setembro de 2005. Aprova o Regulamento Técnico para Especiarias, Temperos e Molhos. Diário Oficial da União. Brasília, DF, 23 set 2005. Seção 1(184):378-9.
4. Shahidi F, Ambigaipalan P. Phenolics and polyphenolics in foods, beverages and spices: antioxidant activity and health effects – A review. J Funct Foods. 2015;(18):820-97. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2015.06.018
5. Ganjre A, Kathariya R, Bagul N, Pawar V. Anti-carcinogenic and anti-bacterial properties of selected spices: implications in oral health. Clin Nutr Res. 2015;4(4):209-15. https://dx.doi:10.7762/cnr.2015.4.4.209
6. Sriwiriyajan S, Tedasen A, Lailerd N, Boonyaphiphat P, Nitiruangjarat A, Deng Y et al. Anti-cancer and cancer preventive effects of a piperine free Piper nigrum extract on N-nitrosomethylurea induced mammary tumorigenesis in rats. Cancer Prev Res. 2016;9(1):74-82. https://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-15-0127
7. Xie L, Xiang GH, Tang T, Tang Y, Zhao LY, Liu D et al. Capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin induce apoptosis in human glioma cells via ROS and Ca2+-mediated mitochondrial pathway. Mol Med Rep. 2016;14(5):4198-4208. https://dx.doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2016.5784
8. Raddatz-Mota D, Pérez-Flores LJ, Carrari F, Mendoza-Espinoza JA, de León-Sánchez FD, Pinzón-López LL et al. Achiote (Bixa orellana L.): a natural source of pigment and vitamin E. J Food Sci Technol. 2017;54(6): 1729-41. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13197-017-2579-7
9. Matulyte I, Jekabsone A, Jankauskaite L, Zavistanaviciute P, Sakiene V, Bartkiene E et al. The essential oil and hydrolats from Myristica fragrans seeds with magnesium aluminometasilicate as excipient: antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activity. Foods. 2020;9(1):37. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9010037
10. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística - IBGE. Tabela 1613 - Área destinada à colheita, área colhida, quantidade produzida, rendimento médio e valor da produção das lavouras permanentes. Produto das lavouras permanentes - Urucum (semente). [acesso 2020 Mai 19]. Disponível em: https://sidra.ibge.gov.br/tabela/1613
11. Fabri EG, Teramoto JRS. Urucum: fonte de corantes naturais. Hortic Bras. 2015;33(1):1. https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-053620150000100023
12. Alves LP. Crescimento e produção de pimentão, tipo páprica, sob diferentes níveis de adubação de nitrogênio e fósforo [dissertação de mestrado]. Mossoró (RN): Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido; 2006.
13. Ministério da Indústria, Comércio Exterior e Serviços (BR). Comexstat: portal para acesso gratuito às estatísticas de comércio exterior do Brasil. Brasília: Ministério da Indústria, Comércio Exterior e Serviços; 2020 [acesso 2020 Mai 11]. Disponível em: http://comexstat.mdic.gov.br/pt/home
14. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística - IBGE. Tabela 1613 - Área destinada à colheita, área colhida, quantidade produzida, rendimento médio e valor da produção das lavouras permanentes. Produto das lavouras permanentes - Pimenta-do-reino. [acesso 2020 Mai 19]. Disponível em: https://sidra.ibge.gov.br/tabela/1613
15. Ministério da Saúde (BR). Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária. Resolução RDC nº 14, de 28 de março de 2014. Dispõe sobre matérias estranhas macroscópicas e microscópicas em alimentos e bebidas, seus limites de tolerância e dá outras providências. Diário Oficial da União. Brasília, DF, 31 mar 2014. Seção 1(61):58-61.
16. Food and Drug Administration - FDA. Risk profile: pathogens and filth in spices. 2017. [acesso 2020 Mai 13]. Disponível em: https://www.fda.gov/food/cfsan-risk-safety-assessments/risk-profile-pathogen-and-filth-spices
17. Zimmerman ML, Friedman SL. Identification of rodent filth exhibits. J Food Sci. 2000;65(8):1391-4. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2000.tb10618.x
18. Mike Mitka, MSJ. FDA questions effectiveness of measures to reduce or prevent illness from eating imported spices. JAMA. 2013;310(20):2136. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2013.283442
19. Graciano RAS, Atui MB, Dimov MN. Avaliação das condições higiênico-sanitárias de cominho e pimenta do reino em pó comercializados em cidades do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, mediante a presença de matérias estranhas. Rev Inst Adolfo Lutz. 2006;65(3):204-8. Disponível em: https://periodicos.saude.sp.gov.br/index.php/RIAL/article/view/32866
20. Correia M, Daros VSMG, Silva RP. Matérias estranhas em canela em pó e páprica em pó, comercializadas no estado de São Paulo. Food Sci Technol. 2000; 20(3):375-80. https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0101-20612000000300016
21. Association of Official Analytical Collaboration - AOAC International. Extraneous materials: isolation. In: Latimer GW, organizer. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International; 2016.
22. Teerink BJ. Hair of West-European Mammals. Cambridge (UK): Cambridge University Press; 1991.
23. Pacheco IA, Paula DC. Insetos de grãos armazenados: identificação e biologia. Campinas (SP): Fundação Cargil; 1995.
24. Gecan JS, Bandler R, Glaze LE, Atkinson JC. Microanalytical quality of ground and unground oregano, ground cinnamon and ground nutmeg. J Food Prot. 1983;46(5): 387-90. https://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X-46.5.387
25. Nayak MK, Collins PJ, Throne JE, Wang JJ. Biology and management of psocids infesting stored products. Annu. Rev Entomol. 2014;59:279-97. https://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-011613-161947
26. Hubert J, Stejskal V, Athanassiou CG, Throne, JE. Health hazards associated with arthropod infestation of stored products. Annu Rev Entomol. 2018;63:553-73. https://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-020117-043218
27. Valbuza MDF, Aldrete ANG, Potenza, MR, Campos AEC. Psocoptera (Psocodea) in spice and medicinal dehydrated plants sold in bulk in a big metropolis in Brazil. J Food Prot. 2018;81(11):1810-4. https://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-18-117
28. Morais AG, Pires EMF, Martins GC, Filho JBL, Filho SCM, Fernandes ZF. Controle de qualidade físico-químico, microbiológico e microscópico de coloríficos comercializados em Pernambuco. Bol Cent Pesqui Process Aliment. 1991;9(1): 30-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/cep.v9i1.14464
29. Atui MB, Castejón MJ, Yamashiro R, De Lucca T, Flinn PW. Condições higiênico-sanitárias da pimenta do reino em pó (Piper nigrum L.) com o emprego de duas diferentes técnicas para detecção de sujidades leves. Rev Inst Adolfo Lutz. 2009;68(1):96-101. Disponível em: https://periodicos.saude.sp.gov.br/index.php/RIAL/article/view/32748
30. Gecan JS, Bandler R, Glaze LE, Atkinson JC. Microanalytical quality of ground and unground marjoram, sage and thyme, ground allspice, black pepper and paprika. J Food Prot. 1986;49(3):216-21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X-49.3.216
31. Pauli-Yamada LF, Aquino CI, Silva AM, Marciano MAM, Mattos EC, Dimov MN. Estudo microscópico de páprica (Capsicum annumm L.): detecção de fraudes e matérias estranhas. Vigil Sanit Debate.2021;9(1):123-8. https://doi.org/10.22239/2317-269x.01431
32. Belmain S. Assessment of the impact of rodents on rural household food security and the development of ecologically-based rodent management strategies in Zambézia province, Mozambique. Final Technical Report. Natural Resources Institute, UK; 2002, 54pp. [acesso 5 ago 2020]. Disponível em: https://www.gov.uk/research-for-development-outputs/assessment-of-the-impact-of-rodents-on-rural-household-food-security-and-the-development-of-ecologically-based-rodent-management-strategies-in-zambezia-province-mozambique-final-technical-report
33. Silva ERA, Martini MH. The presence of rodent hair in food: a risk of human health. Proceedings of the 9th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection, 2006.
34. Memon Z, Memon N, Shah MA, Kouser N, Shah NA, Ansari A. Susceptibility of some stored local spices against the cigarette beetle Lasioderma serricorne (Coleoptera: Anobiidae). Pure Appl Biol. 2017;6(2):490-8. https://dx.doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2017.60048
35. Sun X, Wang LF, Feng Y, Xie H, Zheng XY, He A et al. A case report: A rare case of infant gastrointestinal canthariasis caused by larvae of Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius, 1792) (Coleoptera: Anobiidae). Infect Dis Poverty. 2016;5:34. https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40249-016-0129-6
36. Zurek L, Gorham JR. Insects as vectors of foodborne pathogens. In: Voeller JG, organizer. Wiley Handbook of Science and Technology for Homeland Security. Wiley: Hoboken; 2010. p. 1683-96.
37. Hubert J, Nesvorná M, Ságová-Marečková M, Kopecký J. Shift of bacterial community in synanthropic mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae induced by Fusarium fungal diet. PLoSOne. 2012;7(10):e48429. https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0048429
38. Hubert J, Kopecký J, Perotti MA, Nesvorná M, Braig HR, Ságová-Marečková M et al. Detection and identification of species-specific bacteria associated with synanthropic mites. Microb Ecol. 2012;63(4):919-28. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00248-011-9969-6
39. Liebezeit G, Liebezeit E. Non-pollen particulates in honey and sugar. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Asses. 2013;30(12):2136-40. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2013.843025
40. Liebezeit G, Liebezeit E. Synthetic particles as contaminants in German beers. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2014; 31(9):1574-8. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2014.945099
41. Yang D, Shi H, Li L, Li J, Jabeen K, Kolandhasamy P. Microplastic pollution in table salts from China. Environ Sci Technol. 2015;49(22):13622-7. https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b03163
42. Andrady AL. Plastics and the Environment. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 2003.
43. Valbuza MF, Matioli AL, Sato ME, Potenza MR, Campos AE. Mites in spice and medicinal dehydrated plants stored in bulk in the metropolitan area of São Paulo. J Stored Prod Res. 2020;85:101540. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jspr.2019.101540
44. Hubert J, Stejskal V, Athanassiou CG, Throne JE. Health hazards associated with arthropod infestation of stored products. Annu. Rev Entomol. 2018;63:553-73. https://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-020117-043218
45. Erban T, Rybanska D, Harant K, Hortova B, Hubert J. Feces derived allergens of Tyrophagus putrescentiae reared on dried dog food and evidence of the strong nutritional interaction between the mite and Bacillus cereus producing protease bacillolysins and exo-chitinases. Front Physiol. 2016;7:53. https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2016.00053
2. Embuscado ME. Spices and herbs: natural sources of antioxidants - a mini review. J Funct Foods. 2015;(18):811-9. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2015.03.005
3. Ministério da Saúde (BR). Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária. Resolução da Diretoria Colegiada RDC nº 276, de 22 de setembro de 2005. Aprova o Regulamento Técnico para Especiarias, Temperos e Molhos. Diário Oficial da União. Brasília, DF, 23 set 2005. Seção 1(184):378-9.
4. Shahidi F, Ambigaipalan P. Phenolics and polyphenolics in foods, beverages and spices: antioxidant activity and health effects – A review. J Funct Foods. 2015;(18):820-97. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2015.06.018
5. Ganjre A, Kathariya R, Bagul N, Pawar V. Anti-carcinogenic and anti-bacterial properties of selected spices: implications in oral health. Clin Nutr Res. 2015;4(4):209-15. https://dx.doi:10.7762/cnr.2015.4.4.209
6. Sriwiriyajan S, Tedasen A, Lailerd N, Boonyaphiphat P, Nitiruangjarat A, Deng Y et al. Anti-cancer and cancer preventive effects of a piperine free Piper nigrum extract on N-nitrosomethylurea induced mammary tumorigenesis in rats. Cancer Prev Res. 2016;9(1):74-82. https://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-15-0127
7. Xie L, Xiang GH, Tang T, Tang Y, Zhao LY, Liu D et al. Capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin induce apoptosis in human glioma cells via ROS and Ca2+-mediated mitochondrial pathway. Mol Med Rep. 2016;14(5):4198-4208. https://dx.doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2016.5784
8. Raddatz-Mota D, Pérez-Flores LJ, Carrari F, Mendoza-Espinoza JA, de León-Sánchez FD, Pinzón-López LL et al. Achiote (Bixa orellana L.): a natural source of pigment and vitamin E. J Food Sci Technol. 2017;54(6): 1729-41. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13197-017-2579-7
9. Matulyte I, Jekabsone A, Jankauskaite L, Zavistanaviciute P, Sakiene V, Bartkiene E et al. The essential oil and hydrolats from Myristica fragrans seeds with magnesium aluminometasilicate as excipient: antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activity. Foods. 2020;9(1):37. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9010037
10. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística - IBGE. Tabela 1613 - Área destinada à colheita, área colhida, quantidade produzida, rendimento médio e valor da produção das lavouras permanentes. Produto das lavouras permanentes - Urucum (semente). [acesso 2020 Mai 19]. Disponível em: https://sidra.ibge.gov.br/tabela/1613
11. Fabri EG, Teramoto JRS. Urucum: fonte de corantes naturais. Hortic Bras. 2015;33(1):1. https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-053620150000100023
12. Alves LP. Crescimento e produção de pimentão, tipo páprica, sob diferentes níveis de adubação de nitrogênio e fósforo [dissertação de mestrado]. Mossoró (RN): Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido; 2006.
13. Ministério da Indústria, Comércio Exterior e Serviços (BR). Comexstat: portal para acesso gratuito às estatísticas de comércio exterior do Brasil. Brasília: Ministério da Indústria, Comércio Exterior e Serviços; 2020 [acesso 2020 Mai 11]. Disponível em: http://comexstat.mdic.gov.br/pt/home
14. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística - IBGE. Tabela 1613 - Área destinada à colheita, área colhida, quantidade produzida, rendimento médio e valor da produção das lavouras permanentes. Produto das lavouras permanentes - Pimenta-do-reino. [acesso 2020 Mai 19]. Disponível em: https://sidra.ibge.gov.br/tabela/1613
15. Ministério da Saúde (BR). Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária. Resolução RDC nº 14, de 28 de março de 2014. Dispõe sobre matérias estranhas macroscópicas e microscópicas em alimentos e bebidas, seus limites de tolerância e dá outras providências. Diário Oficial da União. Brasília, DF, 31 mar 2014. Seção 1(61):58-61.
16. Food and Drug Administration - FDA. Risk profile: pathogens and filth in spices. 2017. [acesso 2020 Mai 13]. Disponível em: https://www.fda.gov/food/cfsan-risk-safety-assessments/risk-profile-pathogen-and-filth-spices
17. Zimmerman ML, Friedman SL. Identification of rodent filth exhibits. J Food Sci. 2000;65(8):1391-4. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2000.tb10618.x
18. Mike Mitka, MSJ. FDA questions effectiveness of measures to reduce or prevent illness from eating imported spices. JAMA. 2013;310(20):2136. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2013.283442
19. Graciano RAS, Atui MB, Dimov MN. Avaliação das condições higiênico-sanitárias de cominho e pimenta do reino em pó comercializados em cidades do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, mediante a presença de matérias estranhas. Rev Inst Adolfo Lutz. 2006;65(3):204-8. Disponível em: https://periodicos.saude.sp.gov.br/index.php/RIAL/article/view/32866
20. Correia M, Daros VSMG, Silva RP. Matérias estranhas em canela em pó e páprica em pó, comercializadas no estado de São Paulo. Food Sci Technol. 2000; 20(3):375-80. https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0101-20612000000300016
21. Association of Official Analytical Collaboration - AOAC International. Extraneous materials: isolation. In: Latimer GW, organizer. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International; 2016.
22. Teerink BJ. Hair of West-European Mammals. Cambridge (UK): Cambridge University Press; 1991.
23. Pacheco IA, Paula DC. Insetos de grãos armazenados: identificação e biologia. Campinas (SP): Fundação Cargil; 1995.
24. Gecan JS, Bandler R, Glaze LE, Atkinson JC. Microanalytical quality of ground and unground oregano, ground cinnamon and ground nutmeg. J Food Prot. 1983;46(5): 387-90. https://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X-46.5.387
25. Nayak MK, Collins PJ, Throne JE, Wang JJ. Biology and management of psocids infesting stored products. Annu. Rev Entomol. 2014;59:279-97. https://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-011613-161947
26. Hubert J, Stejskal V, Athanassiou CG, Throne, JE. Health hazards associated with arthropod infestation of stored products. Annu Rev Entomol. 2018;63:553-73. https://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-020117-043218
27. Valbuza MDF, Aldrete ANG, Potenza, MR, Campos AEC. Psocoptera (Psocodea) in spice and medicinal dehydrated plants sold in bulk in a big metropolis in Brazil. J Food Prot. 2018;81(11):1810-4. https://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-18-117
28. Morais AG, Pires EMF, Martins GC, Filho JBL, Filho SCM, Fernandes ZF. Controle de qualidade físico-químico, microbiológico e microscópico de coloríficos comercializados em Pernambuco. Bol Cent Pesqui Process Aliment. 1991;9(1): 30-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/cep.v9i1.14464
29. Atui MB, Castejón MJ, Yamashiro R, De Lucca T, Flinn PW. Condições higiênico-sanitárias da pimenta do reino em pó (Piper nigrum L.) com o emprego de duas diferentes técnicas para detecção de sujidades leves. Rev Inst Adolfo Lutz. 2009;68(1):96-101. Disponível em: https://periodicos.saude.sp.gov.br/index.php/RIAL/article/view/32748
30. Gecan JS, Bandler R, Glaze LE, Atkinson JC. Microanalytical quality of ground and unground marjoram, sage and thyme, ground allspice, black pepper and paprika. J Food Prot. 1986;49(3):216-21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X-49.3.216
31. Pauli-Yamada LF, Aquino CI, Silva AM, Marciano MAM, Mattos EC, Dimov MN. Estudo microscópico de páprica (Capsicum annumm L.): detecção de fraudes e matérias estranhas. Vigil Sanit Debate.2021;9(1):123-8. https://doi.org/10.22239/2317-269x.01431
32. Belmain S. Assessment of the impact of rodents on rural household food security and the development of ecologically-based rodent management strategies in Zambézia province, Mozambique. Final Technical Report. Natural Resources Institute, UK; 2002, 54pp. [acesso 5 ago 2020]. Disponível em: https://www.gov.uk/research-for-development-outputs/assessment-of-the-impact-of-rodents-on-rural-household-food-security-and-the-development-of-ecologically-based-rodent-management-strategies-in-zambezia-province-mozambique-final-technical-report
33. Silva ERA, Martini MH. The presence of rodent hair in food: a risk of human health. Proceedings of the 9th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection, 2006.
34. Memon Z, Memon N, Shah MA, Kouser N, Shah NA, Ansari A. Susceptibility of some stored local spices against the cigarette beetle Lasioderma serricorne (Coleoptera: Anobiidae). Pure Appl Biol. 2017;6(2):490-8. https://dx.doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2017.60048
35. Sun X, Wang LF, Feng Y, Xie H, Zheng XY, He A et al. A case report: A rare case of infant gastrointestinal canthariasis caused by larvae of Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius, 1792) (Coleoptera: Anobiidae). Infect Dis Poverty. 2016;5:34. https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40249-016-0129-6
36. Zurek L, Gorham JR. Insects as vectors of foodborne pathogens. In: Voeller JG, organizer. Wiley Handbook of Science and Technology for Homeland Security. Wiley: Hoboken; 2010. p. 1683-96.
37. Hubert J, Nesvorná M, Ságová-Marečková M, Kopecký J. Shift of bacterial community in synanthropic mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae induced by Fusarium fungal diet. PLoSOne. 2012;7(10):e48429. https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0048429
38. Hubert J, Kopecký J, Perotti MA, Nesvorná M, Braig HR, Ságová-Marečková M et al. Detection and identification of species-specific bacteria associated with synanthropic mites. Microb Ecol. 2012;63(4):919-28. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00248-011-9969-6
39. Liebezeit G, Liebezeit E. Non-pollen particulates in honey and sugar. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Asses. 2013;30(12):2136-40. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2013.843025
40. Liebezeit G, Liebezeit E. Synthetic particles as contaminants in German beers. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2014; 31(9):1574-8. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2014.945099
41. Yang D, Shi H, Li L, Li J, Jabeen K, Kolandhasamy P. Microplastic pollution in table salts from China. Environ Sci Technol. 2015;49(22):13622-7. https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b03163
42. Andrady AL. Plastics and the Environment. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 2003.
43. Valbuza MF, Matioli AL, Sato ME, Potenza MR, Campos AE. Mites in spice and medicinal dehydrated plants stored in bulk in the metropolitan area of São Paulo. J Stored Prod Res. 2020;85:101540. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jspr.2019.101540
44. Hubert J, Stejskal V, Athanassiou CG, Throne JE. Health hazards associated with arthropod infestation of stored products. Annu. Rev Entomol. 2018;63:553-73. https://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-020117-043218
45. Erban T, Rybanska D, Harant K, Hortova B, Hubert J. Feces derived allergens of Tyrophagus putrescentiae reared on dried dog food and evidence of the strong nutritional interaction between the mite and Bacillus cereus producing protease bacillolysins and exo-chitinases. Front Physiol. 2016;7:53. https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2016.00053
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2021 Instituto Adolfo Lutz Journal
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.