Palavras-chave
antimicrobianos
produtos naturais
plantas medicinais
Como Citar
Resumo
Neste estudo, foi determinada a composição química de óleos essenciais obtidos de três espécies de plantas medicinais cultivadas na região Sul do Brasil: Cymbopogon winterianus (citronela), Eucalyptus paniculata (eucalipto) e Lavandula angustifolia (lavanda), e as atividades antimicrobianas foram avaliadas frente a 11 espécies de bactérias, incluindo-se espécies de importância em alimentos e em saúde pública. A composição dos óleos essenciais, obtidos por destilação a vapor, foi determinada por CG/DIC e CG/EM; a atividade antimicrobiana foi detectada pela técnica de difusão em disco; a CMI e a CMB foram determinadas pela metodologia de microdiluição. Os óleos essenciais de lavanda e citronela apresentaram monoterpenos oxigenados como componentes majoritários e, no óleo essencial de eucalipto, os monoterpenos hidrocarbonados foram os principais constituintes. O óleo essencial de citronela foi o mais ativo contra a maioria das bactérias testadas, com valores de CMI e CMB, respectivamente, de 0,075 e 0,31 mg/mL para Yersinia enterocolitica. O óleo essencial de lavanda destacou-se pela atividade inibitória contra Escherichia coli e Salmonella Typhimurium, e o óleo de eucalipto foi ativo contra Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Este estudo demonstra que os óleos essenciais avaliados apresentam potencial para aplicação como agentes antimicrobianos naturais.Referências
1. Hamburger M, Hostettmann K. Bioactivity in plants: the link between phytochemistry and medicine. Phytochem. 1991;30(12):3864-74.
2. Silva Junior AA. Essentia herba – Plantas bioativas. Florianópolis (SC): Epagri; 2003.
3. Militello M, Settani L, Aleo A, Mammina C, Moschetti G, Giammanco GM, et al. Chemical composition and antibacterial potential of Artemisia arborescens L. essential oil. Curr Microbiol. 2011;62:1274-81.
4. Rahman A, Kang SC. Inhibition of foodborn pathogens and spoiling bacteria by essential oil and extracts of Erigeron ramosus(Walt.) BSPJ Food Saf. 2009;29:176-89.
5. Viuda-Martos M, El-Nasser A, El Gendy GS, Sendra E, Fernández-López J, El Razik KAA, et al. Chemical composition and antioxidant and anti-Listeria activities of essential oils obtained from some Egyptian plants. J Agric Food Chem. 2010;58:9063-70.
6. Conner DE. Naturally occurring compounds. In: Davidson P, Branen AL (Eds.). Antimicrobials in foods. Nova York: Marcel Dekker; 1993. p. 441-68.
7. Oussalah M, Caillet S, Saucier L, Lacroix M. Inhibitory effects of selected plant essential oils on the growth of four pathogenic bacteria: E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes. Food Control. 2007;18(5):414-20.
8. Shasany AK, Lal RK, Patra NK, Darokar MP, Garg A, Kumar S, et al. Phenotypic and RAPD diversity among Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt accessions in relation to Cymbopogon nardusRendle. Genet Resour Crop Evol. 2000;47:553-9.
9. Nerio LS, Olivero-Verbel J, Stashenko E. Repellent activity of essential oils: a review. Biores Technol. 2010;101:372-8.
10. Mendonça FAC, da Silva KFS, dos Santos KK, Ribeiro Júnior KAL, Sant’Ana AEG. Activities of some Brazilian plants against larvae of the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Fitoterapia. 2005;76:629-36.
11. Duarte MCT, Leme EE, Delarmelina C, Soares AA, Figueira GM, Sartoratto A. Activity of essential oils from Brazilian medicinal plants on Escherichia coli. J Ethnopharmacol. 2007;111:197-201.
12. Oliveira MMM, Brugnera DF, Cardoso MG, Guimarães LGL, Piccoli RH. Rendimento, composição química e atividade antilisterial de oleos essenciais de espécies de Cymbopogon. Rev Bras Plantas Med. 2011;13(1):8-16.
13. Cavanagh HMA, Wilkinson JM. Biological activities of lavender essential oil. Phytother Res. 2002;16:301-8.
14. Roller S, Ernest N, Buckle J. The antimicrobial activity of high necrodane and other lavender oils on methicilin-sensitive and -resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA and MRSA). J Altern Complement Med. 2009;15(3):275-9.
15. Daferera DJ, Ziogas BN, Polissiou MG. GC-MS analysis of essential oils from some greek aromatic plants and their fungitoxicity on Penicillium digitatum. J Agric Food Chem. 2000;48:2576-81.
16. Cavanagh HMA, Wilkinson JM. Lavender essential oil: a review. Austr Infect Control. 2005;10(1):35-7.
17. Estanislau AA, Barros FAZ, Peña AP, Santos SC, Ferri PH, Paula JR. Composição química e atividade antibacteriana dos óleos essenciais de cinco espécies de Eucalyptus cultivadas em Goiás. Rev Bras Farmacogn. 2001;11(2):95-100.
18. Gilles M, Zhao J, Na M, Agboola S. Chemical composition and antimicrobial properties of essential oils of three Australian Eucalyptus species. Food Chem. 2010;119:731-7.
19. Harborne SB, Baxter H. Phytochemical Dictionary. Londres: Taylor and Francis; 1995.
20. Sartorelli P, Marquioreto AD, Amaral-Baroli A, Lima MEL, Moreno PRH. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils from two species of Eucalyptus. Phytother Res. 2007;21:231-3.
21. Adams RP. Identification of Essential Oil Components by Gas Chromatographic/Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry. Carol Stream (IL): Allured; 2001.
22. NCCLS. The National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. The Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk Susceptibility Tests; Approved Standard. 8ª ed. NCCLS document M2-A8. Wayne (PA): NCCLS; 2003.
23. Carovic-Stanko K, Orlic S, Politeo O, Strikic F, Kolak I, Milos M, et al. Composition and antibacterial activities of essential oils of seven Ocimum taxa. Food Chem.2010;119:196-201.
24. NCCLS. The National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. The Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria that Grow Aerobically; Approved Standard. 6ª ed. NCCLS document M7-A6. Wayne (PA): NCCLS; 2003.
25. Smânia A Jr., Monache FD, Smânia EF, Gil ML, Benchetrit LC, Cruz FS. Antibacterial activity of a substance produced by the fungus Pycnoporus sanguineus (Fr.) Murr. J Ethnopharmacol. 1995;45:177-81.
26. Holetz FB, Pessini GL, Sanches NR, Cortez DAG, Nakamura CV, Dias Filho BP. Screening of some plants used in the Brazilian folk medicine for the treatment of infectious diseases. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2002;97(7):1027-31.
27. Ayres MCC, Brandão MS, Vieira-Júnior GM, Menor JCAS, Silva HB, Soares MJS, et al. Atividade antibacteriana de plantas úteis e constituintes químicos da raiz de Copernicia prunifera. Rev Bras Farmacogn. 2008;18(1):90-7.
28. Scherer R, Wagner R, Duarte MCT, Godoy HT. Composição e atividades antioxidante e antimicrobiana dos óleos essenciais de cravo-da-índia, citronela e palmarosa. Rev Bras Plantas Med. 2009;11(4):442-9.
29. Kim J, Marshall MR, Wei C. Antibacterial activity of some essential oil components against five foodborne pathogens. J Agric Food Chem. 1995;43:2839-45.
30. Burt S. Essential oils: their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods – a review. Int J Food Microbiol. 2004;94:223-53.
31. Russel AD. Mechanisms of bacterial resistance to non-antibiotics: food additives and food and pharmaceutical preservatives. J Appl Microbiol. 1991;71:191-201.
32. Sokovic M, Marin PD, Brkic D, Van Griensven LJLD. Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oils of ten aromatic plants against human pathogenic bacteria. Food. 2008;1(2):220-6.
33. Hajhashemi V, Ghannadi A, Sharif B. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of the leaf extracts and essential oil of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. J Ethnopharmacol. 2003;89:67-71.
34. Van Vuuren SF, Viljoen AM. Antimicrobial activity of limonene enantiomers and 1,8-cineole and in combination. Flavour Fragr J. 2007;22:540-4.
35. Alexopoulos A, Kimbaris AC, Plessas S, Mantzourani I, Theodoridou I, Stavropoulou E. Antibacterial activities of essential oils from eight Greek aromatic plants against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. Anaerobe. 2011;17:399-402.
36. Azar PA, Torabbeigi M, Sharifan A, Tehrani MS. Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Lavandula angustifolia isolated by solvent free microwave assisted extraction and hydrodistillation. J Food Biosci Technol. 2011;1:19-24.
37. Peter KV (Ed.). Handbook of herbs and spices. V.2. Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing Limited; 2004.
38. Cox SD, Mann CM, Markham JL, Gustafson JE, Warmington JR. Determining the antimicrobial actions of tea tree oil. Molecules. 2001;6:87-91.
39. Oyedemi SO, Okoh AI, Mabinya LV, Pirochenva G, Afolayan AJ. The proposed mechanism of bactericidal action of eugenol, α-terpineol and γ-terpinene against Listeria monocytogenes, Streptococcus pyogenes,Proteus vulgaris and Escherichia coli. Afr J Biotechnol. 2009;8(7):1280-6.
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2012 Sheila Mello da Silveira, Anildo Cunha Júnior, Gerson Neudí Scheuermann, Fábio Luiz Secchi, Silvani Verruck, Marisete Krohn, Cleide Rosana Werneck Vieira