Considerations on oral cavity involvement in leprosy
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47878/hi.2008.v33.36249Keywords:
oral cavity, leprosy, M. lepraeAbstract
Lesions secondary to Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae) proliferation have been significantly abbreviated
in recent years due to early detection of new cases of leprosy. Consequently, oral and maxillofacial lesions have been each time less reported. In spite of been less evident, the infection of oral cavity by M. leprae may reveal important details regarding the transmission and immunopathology of leprosy. The association between oral mucosal infection and alveolar bone loss, as well as the role of local immune response in protection against this pathogen, are still not fully explored. Unfortunately, the treatment of leprosy did not allow the full prevention of sequels neither hindered the transmission of this disease. The reasons above justify reviewing some unanswered questions of the past.
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References
1 Ridley DS, Jopling WH. A classification of leprosy for research purposes. Lepr Rev 1962 Apr; (33):119-28.
2 Ridley DS, Jopling WH. Classification of leprosy according to immunity. A five-group system. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis 1966 Jul-Sep; 34(3):255-73.
3 World Health Organization (WHO). Chemotherapy of leprosy for control programmes. WHO Technical Report Series, n. 675. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1982.
4 Pardillo FE, Fajardo TT, Abalos RM, Scollard D, Gelber RH. Methods for the classification of leprosy for treatment purposes. Clin Infect Dis 2007 Apr 15; 44(8): 1096-9.
5 Costa A, Nery J, Oliveira M, Cuzzi T, Silva M. Oral lesions in leprosy. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2003 Nov-Dec; 69(6): 381-5.
6 Opromolla DVO, Opromolla MA, Ura S. Lesões dimorfas na cavidade oral. Hansen. int. 2003; 28(2):151-5.
7 Abreu MA, Michalany NS, Weckx LL, Neto Pimentel DR, Hirata CH, Avelar Alchorne MM. The oral mucosa in leprosy: a clinical and histopathological study. Rev Bras Otorrinolaringol (Engl Ed). 2006 May-Jun;72(3):312-6.
8 Martins MD, Russo MP, Lemos JB, Fernandes KP, Bussadori SK, Corrêa CT, et al. Orofacial lesions in treated southeast Brazilian leprosy patients: a cross-sectional study. Oral Dis 2007 May; 13(3):270-3.
9 Abreu MA, Alchorne MM, Michalany NS, Weckx LL, Pimentel DR, Hirata CH. The oral mucosa in paucibacillary leprosy: a clinical and histopathological study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2007 May; 103(5):e48-52. Epub 2007 Jan 12.
10 Santos GG, Marcucci G, Guimarães JJ, Margarido LC, Lopes LHC. Pesquisa de Mycobacterium leprae em biópsias de mucosa oral por meio da reação em cadeia da polimerase. An Bras Dermatol 2007; 82(3): 245-9.
11 Cree IA, Smith WC. Leprosy transmission and mucosal immunity: Towards eradication? Lepr Rev 1998; (69):112-21.
12 Ramaprasad P, Fernando A, Madhale S, Rao JR, Edward VK, Samson PD, et al. Transmission and protection in leprosy: indications of the role of mucosal immunity. Lepr Rev 1997 Dec; 68(4):301-15.
13 Nagao-Dias AT, Almeida TL, Oliveira MF, Santos RC, Lima AL, Brasil M. Salivary anti-PGL IgM and IgA titers and serum antibody IgG titers and avidities in leprosy patients and their correlation with time of infection and antigen exposure. Braz J Infect Dis 2007 Apr; 11(2):215-9.
14 Smith WC, Smith CM, Cree IA, Jadhav RS, Macdonald M, Edward VK et al. An approach to understanding the transmission of Mycobacterium leprae using molecular and immunological methods: results from the MILEP2 study. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis 2004 Sep; 72(3):269-77.
15 Truman RW, Krahenbuhl JL. Viable M. leprae as a research reagent. Int J Lepr. Other Mycobact. Dis 2001; (69):1-12.
16 Scheepers A. Correlation of oral surface temperatures and the lesions of leprosy. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis 1998 Jun; 66(2):214-7.
17 Scollard DM, Skinsnes OK. Oropharyngeal leprosy in art, history, and medicine. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1999 Apr; 87(4):463-70.
18 Jesudasan S, John SP, Jesudasan K, Christian M, Fritschi EP. An analysis into the trends of reconstructive surgery in Gudiyatham Taluk, a leprosy control area. Lepr India 1981 Apr;53(2):213-20.
19 Reichart PA, Srisuwan S, Metah D. Lesions of the facial and trigeminal nerve in leprosy. An evaluation of 43 cases. Int J Oral Surg 1982 Feb;11(1):14-20.
20 Christensen VM, Bakke SN, Melson RS, Waaler E. Changes in the anterior nasal spine and the alveolar process of the maxillary bone in leprosy. Int J Lepr 1952 Jul-Sep; 20(3):335-40.
21 Freitas JA, Santos WM. Facial bone changes in Virchowian Hansen’s disease. Hansen. Int. 1986 Jan-Dec; 11(1-2): 24-43.
22 Subramaniam K, Nah SH, Marks SC. A longitudinal study of alveolar bone loss around maxillary central incisors in patients with leprosy in Malaysia. Lepr Rev 1994 Jun; 65(2):137-42.
23 Marks SC Jr, Grossetete G. Facies leprosa: resorption of maxillary anterior alveolar bone and the anterior nasal spine in patients with lepromatous leprosy in Mali. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis 1988 Mar; 56(1):21-6.
2 Ridley DS, Jopling WH. Classification of leprosy according to immunity. A five-group system. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis 1966 Jul-Sep; 34(3):255-73.
3 World Health Organization (WHO). Chemotherapy of leprosy for control programmes. WHO Technical Report Series, n. 675. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1982.
4 Pardillo FE, Fajardo TT, Abalos RM, Scollard D, Gelber RH. Methods for the classification of leprosy for treatment purposes. Clin Infect Dis 2007 Apr 15; 44(8): 1096-9.
5 Costa A, Nery J, Oliveira M, Cuzzi T, Silva M. Oral lesions in leprosy. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2003 Nov-Dec; 69(6): 381-5.
6 Opromolla DVO, Opromolla MA, Ura S. Lesões dimorfas na cavidade oral. Hansen. int. 2003; 28(2):151-5.
7 Abreu MA, Michalany NS, Weckx LL, Neto Pimentel DR, Hirata CH, Avelar Alchorne MM. The oral mucosa in leprosy: a clinical and histopathological study. Rev Bras Otorrinolaringol (Engl Ed). 2006 May-Jun;72(3):312-6.
8 Martins MD, Russo MP, Lemos JB, Fernandes KP, Bussadori SK, Corrêa CT, et al. Orofacial lesions in treated southeast Brazilian leprosy patients: a cross-sectional study. Oral Dis 2007 May; 13(3):270-3.
9 Abreu MA, Alchorne MM, Michalany NS, Weckx LL, Pimentel DR, Hirata CH. The oral mucosa in paucibacillary leprosy: a clinical and histopathological study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2007 May; 103(5):e48-52. Epub 2007 Jan 12.
10 Santos GG, Marcucci G, Guimarães JJ, Margarido LC, Lopes LHC. Pesquisa de Mycobacterium leprae em biópsias de mucosa oral por meio da reação em cadeia da polimerase. An Bras Dermatol 2007; 82(3): 245-9.
11 Cree IA, Smith WC. Leprosy transmission and mucosal immunity: Towards eradication? Lepr Rev 1998; (69):112-21.
12 Ramaprasad P, Fernando A, Madhale S, Rao JR, Edward VK, Samson PD, et al. Transmission and protection in leprosy: indications of the role of mucosal immunity. Lepr Rev 1997 Dec; 68(4):301-15.
13 Nagao-Dias AT, Almeida TL, Oliveira MF, Santos RC, Lima AL, Brasil M. Salivary anti-PGL IgM and IgA titers and serum antibody IgG titers and avidities in leprosy patients and their correlation with time of infection and antigen exposure. Braz J Infect Dis 2007 Apr; 11(2):215-9.
14 Smith WC, Smith CM, Cree IA, Jadhav RS, Macdonald M, Edward VK et al. An approach to understanding the transmission of Mycobacterium leprae using molecular and immunological methods: results from the MILEP2 study. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis 2004 Sep; 72(3):269-77.
15 Truman RW, Krahenbuhl JL. Viable M. leprae as a research reagent. Int J Lepr. Other Mycobact. Dis 2001; (69):1-12.
16 Scheepers A. Correlation of oral surface temperatures and the lesions of leprosy. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis 1998 Jun; 66(2):214-7.
17 Scollard DM, Skinsnes OK. Oropharyngeal leprosy in art, history, and medicine. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1999 Apr; 87(4):463-70.
18 Jesudasan S, John SP, Jesudasan K, Christian M, Fritschi EP. An analysis into the trends of reconstructive surgery in Gudiyatham Taluk, a leprosy control area. Lepr India 1981 Apr;53(2):213-20.
19 Reichart PA, Srisuwan S, Metah D. Lesions of the facial and trigeminal nerve in leprosy. An evaluation of 43 cases. Int J Oral Surg 1982 Feb;11(1):14-20.
20 Christensen VM, Bakke SN, Melson RS, Waaler E. Changes in the anterior nasal spine and the alveolar process of the maxillary bone in leprosy. Int J Lepr 1952 Jul-Sep; 20(3):335-40.
21 Freitas JA, Santos WM. Facial bone changes in Virchowian Hansen’s disease. Hansen. Int. 1986 Jan-Dec; 11(1-2): 24-43.
22 Subramaniam K, Nah SH, Marks SC. A longitudinal study of alveolar bone loss around maxillary central incisors in patients with leprosy in Malaysia. Lepr Rev 1994 Jun; 65(2):137-42.
23 Marks SC Jr, Grossetete G. Facies leprosa: resorption of maxillary anterior alveolar bone and the anterior nasal spine in patients with lepromatous leprosy in Mali. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis 1988 Mar; 56(1):21-6.
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Published
2008-06-30
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1.
Costa MRSN. Considerations on oral cavity involvement in leprosy. Hansen. Int. [Internet]. 2008 Jun. 30 [cited 2024 Jul. 3];33(1):41-4. Available from: https://periodicos.saude.sp.gov.br/hansenologia/article/view/36249
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This journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
