Palabras clave
Tuberculose Pulmonar
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Diagnóstico
Técnicas de Laboratório Clínico
Biologia Molecular
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Diagnóstico
Técnicas de Laboratório Clínico
Biologia Molecular
Cómo citar
1.
Pedro H da SP, Nardi SMT, Finardi AJ, Moraes EB de, Oliveira RS, Pereira MIF, Machado RLD, Castiglioni L. Cenário atual da tuberculose. Hansen. Int. [Internet]. 30 de junio de 2014 [citado 22 de noviembre de 2024];39(1):40-55. Disponible en: https://periodicos.saude.sp.gov.br/hansenologia/article/view/35027
Resumen
Mesmo após 133 anos desde a descoberta do Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a tuberculose continua ser uma das principais causas de morte por doenças infecciosas no mundo, principalmente em países em desenvolvimento. O objetivo deste estudo foi mostrar aspectos relevantes da doença visando uma atualização literária e a busca de um olhar mais atento à problemática da tuberculose no contexto atual. Foram utilizados 130 artigos advindos das bases LILACS, MEDLINE/PUBMED, SCielo, Paho, Biblioteca Cochrane, WHOLIS, IBECS e Scopus, com as principais palavras-chaves selecionadas em terminologia em saúde encontradas no DECS. As espécies pertencentes ao Complexo M. tuberculosis compartilham cerca de 99% de identidade do DNA, com sequências altamente conservadas, mas diferem na distribuição geográfica, patogenicidade e hospedeiros. O mecanismo de resistência clinicamente significativo para rifampicina é uma mutação do gene rpoB, que codifica o alvo desse antibiótico. Há grandes avanços no diagnóstico da TB, com novos instrumentos de biologia molecular e testes rápidos, mas ainda não substituem os métodos clássicos bacteriológicos, apesar de suas conhecidas limitações. Atualmente, a associação de métodos moleculares, principalmente aqueles baseados em reações da PCR tem proporcionado grande impulso nos estudos da epidemiologia molecular do MT. Embora haja uma diminuição do número de casos no mundo, dentre os desafios da doença estão a necessidade de pesquisas na área, envolvimento político para solucionar as questões sociais atribuídas à TB, treinamento permanente dos profissionais e monitoramento de vigilância dos casos para eliminar a doença no cenário mundial.
Citas
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