Posible origen de la inmunodeficiencia en la hanseniasis virchowiana
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47878/hi.1978.v3.36080Keywords:
Virchowian hanseniasis, Immunity, Genetics, HistocompatibilityAbstract
The clinical manifestations and some studies about cell-mediated immunity (CMI) demonstrate a graduate response to M. leprae, from the Virchowian polar form, with a poor CMI response, to the Tuberculoid polar form, with exacerbated phenomena of CMI. The possibility of a genetic-controlled IMC response to M. leprae is reviewed. A hypothesis is suggested that the susceptibility to any type of hanseniasis is controlled by an operon linked to the K or D regions of the HLA system. This operon would act as a trigger to the heterosntigen-detecting fraction of the T cells receptors.
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1. ABE, M. Studies on the antigenic specificity of Mycobacterium leprae. 1. Demonstration of soluble antigens in leprosy nodules by immunodiffusion. Int. J. Lepr., 38(2):113125, 1970.
2. AGARWAL, D.P.; GOEDDE, H.W.; SCHLOOT, W.; FLATZ, G.; ROHDE, R. A note on atypical serum cholinesterase and genetic factors in leprosy. Hum. Hered., 23(4): 370-373, 1973.
3. BALIñA, L.M.; FLIESS, E.L.; BACHMANN, A.; CARDAMA, J.E.; GATTI, J.C. Similar alterations of lymphoblastic dedifferentiation in lepromatous leprosy patients and their healthy lepromin-negative consanguineous offspring. Int. J. Lepr., 41(1) : 7-13, 1973.
4. BEIGUELMAN, B. Lepromin reaction: genetics studies including twin pair analysis. Acta Leprol., (44) :5-65, 1971.
5. BEIGUELMAN, B.; PINTO JR, W.; PISANI, R.C.B.; KRIEGER, H.; VOZZA, J.A.; EL-GUINDY, M.M. Lymphocyte transformation and lepromatous leprosy. Ciência e Cultura, 27(2): 217-220, 1975.
6. BENACERRAF, B.; KAPP, J.A.; PIERCE, C.W.; KATZ, D.H. Genetic control of immune responses in vitro. IV. Conditions for cooperative interactions between nonresponder parental B cells and primed (responder x nonresponder) F,T cells in the development of an antibody response under Ir gene control in vitro. J. Exp. Med., 140(1):185-198, 1974.
7. BENACERRAF, B. & MCDEVITT, H.O. Histocompatibility-linked immune response genes. Science, 175(4019): 273-279, 1972.
8. BLANDEN, R.V.; DOHERTY, P.C.; DUNLOP, M.B.C.; GARDNER, I.D.; ZINKERNAGEL, R.M.; DAVID, C.S. Genes required for cytotoxicity against virus-infected target cells in K and D regions of H-2 complex. Nature, 254(6497): 269-270, 1975.
9. BLANDEN, R.V.; HAPEL, A.J.; JACKSON, D.C. Mode of action of Ir genes and the nature of T cell receptors for antigen. Immunochemistry, 13(2): 179-191, 1976.
10. BRAUN, M. The T-cell receptor: just another hypothesis. Cell. Immunol., 25(1) :1-7, 1976.
11. BRAUN, M. & SAAL, F. The T-cell receptor and cytotoxicity and anti-idiotype antiserum that inhibits a graft-versus-host reaction does not inhibit cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Cell. Immunol., 30(2) :254-260, 1977.
12. BRETCHER, P.A. On the control between cell-mediated, IgM and IgG immunity. Cell. Immunol., 13(2):171-196, 1974.
13. BRETCHER, P.A. & COHN, M. Minimal model for the mechanism of antibody induction and paralysis by antigen. Nature, 220:444-448, 1968.
14. BULLOCK JR., W.E. & FASAL, P. Studies of immune mechanisms in leprosy. III. The role of cellular ad humoral factors in impairment of the in vitro immune response. J. Immunol., 106 (4) :888-899, 1971.
15. BULLOCK JR., W.E.; HO, MIN-FU; CHEN, MEI-JAN. Studies of immune mechanisms in leprosy. II. Quantitative relationships of IgG, IgA, and IgM immunoglobulins. J. Lab. Clin. Med., 75(5) :863-870, 1970.
16. CAUZZI, N.; BOTTONI, G.; MORINI, J.C.; LONDNER, M.V. Respuesta cutanea a la lepromina bacilar estandar y a otros antígenos en pacientes de lepra y convivientes. Leprologia, 19(1): 11-14, 1974.
17. CHAKRAVARTI, M.R. & VOGEL, F. A twin study on leprosy. Topics in human genetics, 1 :1-123, 1973.
18. CONVIT, J.; PINARDI, M.E.; ARIAS ROJAS, F. Some considerations regarding the immunology of leprosy. Int. J. Lepr., 39 (2) :556-564, 1971.
19. CONVIT, J. & ULRICH, M. Recent advances in the immunology of leprosy. Int. J. Dermatol., 15(3) :157-170, 1976.
20. COOPERBAND, S.R.; BONDEVIK, H.; SCHMID, K.; MANNICK, J.A. Transformation of human lymphocytes: inhibition by homologous alpha globulin. Science, 159(3820): 1243-1244, 1968.
21. DASGUPTA, A.; MEHRA, N.K.; GHEI, S.K.; VAIDYA, M.C. Histocompatibility antigens (HL-A) in leprosy. Int. J. Lepr., 41(4) :563, 1973.
22. DE VRIES, R.R.; FAT, R.F.; NIJENHUIS, L.E.; VAN ROOD, J.J. HLA-linked genetic control of host response to Mycobacterium leprae. Lancet, 2(7999): 1328-1330, 1976.
23. FERNANDEZ, J.M.M. The early reaction induced by lepromin. Int. J. Lepr. 8(1): 1-14, 1940.
24. FLIESS, E.L. & BACHMANN, A.E. Alteración de la immunidad mediada por células en enfermos de lepra. Rev. Assoc. Arg. Microbiol., 9(1) :28-36, 1977.
25. FLIESS, E.L.; BALISTA, L.M.; BACHMANN, A.E.; CARDAMA, J.E.; GATTI, J.C. Estudio de' la desdiferenciación blastica en pacientes de lepra tuberculoide Leprologia, 18(3) :219-222, 1973.
26. GAJL-PECZALSKA, K.J.; LIM, S.D.; JACOBSON, R.R.; GOOD, R.A. B lymphocytes in lepromatous leprosy. New Engl. J. Med., 288(20):1033-1035, 1973.
27. GARDNER, I.; BOWERN, N.A.; BLANDEN, R.V. Cell-mediated cytotoxicity against ectromelia virus-infected target cells. II. Identification of effector cells and analysis of mechanisms. Eur. J. Immunol., 4 (2) :68-72, 1974.
28. HANSEN, G.A. Spedalskhedens arsager (causes of leprosy). Norsk. Mag. Laegevid, 4: 76-79, 1974 apud Int. J. Lepr. 23(3) :307-309, 1955.
29. JOPLING, W.H. A classification of leprosy. In: JORNADAS ARGENTINAS DE LEPROLOGIA, 8.a, Buenos Aires, 1974 apud Leprologia, 19(2) :127-130, 1974.
30. KATZ, D.H. & BENACERRAF, B. The function and interrelationships of T-cell receptors, Ir genes and other histocompatibility gene products. Transplant Rev., 22:175-195, 1975.
31. KHULLER, G.K. & SUBRAHMANYAM, D. Antibodies to mannophosphoinositides in leprosy patients. Int. J. Lepr., 38(4) :365-367, 1970.
32. KRAMMER, P.H. & EICHMANN. K. T cell receptor idiotypes are controlled by genes in in the heavy chain linkage groups and the major histocompatibility complex. Nature, 270(5639):733-735, 1977.
33. KREISLER, M.; ARNAIZ, A.; PEREZ, B.; CRUZ, E.F.; BOOTELLO, A. HL-A antigens in leprosy: Tissue antigens. 4(3):197-201, 1974.
34. LANGUILLON, J.; LINHARD, J.; DIEBOLT, G. Groupes sanguins: hemoglobins anormales et iepre. Bull. Soc. Méd. Afr. Noire Lang. Fr., 16(4) :581-584, 1971 apud Trop. Dis. Bull., 69(9) :916, 1972.
35. LIM, S.D. & FUSARO, R.M. Leprosy. IV. The quantitation of immune globulins (IgG, IgA, and IgM) in leprosy sera. Int. J. Lepr., .96(2) :144-153, 1968.
36. MERKLEN, F.P. & COTTENOT, F. Présence d'anticorps dans les sérums de lépreux. Communications. Bull. Soc. Path. Exot., 62(6) :982-987, 1966.
37. MITSUDA, K. On the value of a skin reaction to a suspension of leprous nodules. Japan. J. Dermatol. Urol., 19:697-708, 1919 apud Int. J. Lepr., 21 (3) :347-358, 1953.
38. MYRVANG, B.; FEEK, C.M.; GODAL, T. Antimycobacterial antibodies in sera from patients throughout the clinico-pathological disease spectrum of leprosy. Acta. Path. Microbiol. Scand. Sect. B., 82:701-706, 1974.
39. MYRVANG, B.; GODAL, T.; FEEK, C.M.. RIDLEY, D.S. Immune response to Mycobacterium leprae in indeterminate leprosy patients. Acta Path. Microbial. Scand. Sect., B., 81(5):615-620, 1973.
40. NATH, I.; CURTIS, J.; BHUTANI, L.K.; TALWAR, G.P. Reduction of a sub-population of T lymphocytes in lepromatous leprosy. Clin. Exp. Immunol., 18(1) :81-87, 1974.
41. NELSON, D.S.; NELSON, M.; THURSTON, J.M.; WATERS, M.F.R.; PEARSON, J.M.H. Phytohaemagglutinin-induced lymphocyte transformation in leprosy. Clin. Exp. Immunol., 9 (1) :33-43, 1971.
42. OLMOS CASTRO, N. & ARCURI, P.B. Our immunologic and clinical interpretation of the reactions to lepromin. Int. J. Lepr., 31(2) :222-228, 1963.
43. PRICE, M.A.; ANDERS, E.M.; ANDERS, R.F.; RUSSELL, D.A.; DENNIS, E.S. Cellmediated immunologic status of healthy members of families with a history of leprosy. Int. J. Lepr., 4,9(4) :307-313, 1975.
44. RABELLO, F.E. The indeterminate group of hanseniasis, and its basic connotation: the polar concept. An evaluation and a refutation of the so-called "spectral" approach. Hansen. Int., 1(2) :111-119, 1976.
45. REA, T.H.; QUISMORIO, F.; HARDING, G.; FRIOU, G.; LEVAN, N. Quantitative di - nitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) responsivity and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) induced lymphocyte transformation in patients with lepromatous leprosy. Int. J. Lepr., 44(1/2): 250-255, 1976.
46. REIS, A.P.; MAIA, F.; .RÈIS, V.F.; ANDRADE, I.M.; CAMPOS, A.A.S. HL-a antigens in leprosy. Lancet, 2(7893) :1384, 1974.47. RIDLEY, D.S. & JOPLING, W.H. Classification of leprosy according to immunity: a fivegroup system. Int. J. Lepr., J4(3):255-373, 1966.
48. ROTBERG, A. Some aspects of immunity in leprosy and their importance in epidemiology, pathogenesis and classification of forms of the disease. Based on 1529 lepromin tested cases. Rev. Bras. Lepr., 6(n. esp.) :45-97, 1937.
49. ROTBERG, A.; BECHELLI, L.M.; KEIL, H. The Mitsuda reaction in a nonleprous area. Int. J. Lepr., 18(2) :209-220, 1950.
50. SAGHER, F.; SHESKIN, J.; ZLOTNICK, A.; TURK, J.L. Complement and immunoglobulin determinations in leprosy and lepra reaction. In: INTERNATIONAL LEPROSY COLOQUIUM, Borstel, 1970 apud Int. J. Lepr., 39(2 pt. 2): 541-553, 1971.
51. SPIELMANN, W.; TEIXIDOR, D.; MATZNETTER, T. Blutgruppen and Lepra bei angolanischen Vilkerchaften. Blut, 27(6) :426-431, 1973.
52. THOMPSON, J. & VAN FURTH, R. The effect of glucocorticosteroids on the kinetics of mononuclear phagocytes. J. Exp. Med., 131 :429-442, 1970.
53. VAZQUEZ, C.A.; YANTORNO, C.E.; RIERA, C.M. Investigación de anticuerpos antinucleares en sueros de enfermos de Hansen. Leprologia, 18(1): 13-17, 1973.
54. VOZZA. J.A.; BEIGUELMAN, B.; PISANI, R.C.B.; CEZAR, P.C. Transformação dos linfócitos induzida pela fitohemaglutinina e reação de Mitsuda. Hansen. Int., 2(1) :53-59, 1977.
55. WADE, H.W. The lepromin reaction in normal dogs; preliminary report. Int. J. Lepr., 9(1):39-56, 1941.
56. WALDRON JR.. J.A.; HORN, R.G.; ROSENTHAL, A.S. Antigen-induced proliferation of Guinea pig lymphocytes in vitro: functional aspects of antigen handling by macrophages. J. Immunol., 112(2) :746-755, 1974.
57. YANTORNO, C.E.; VASQUEZ, C.A.; RIERA, C.M. Reacciones anómalas auto y heteroinmunes en enfermos hansenianos y convivientes clinicamente Banos. Rev. Leprol. Fontiles, 9 (5) :471-482, 1974.
2. AGARWAL, D.P.; GOEDDE, H.W.; SCHLOOT, W.; FLATZ, G.; ROHDE, R. A note on atypical serum cholinesterase and genetic factors in leprosy. Hum. Hered., 23(4): 370-373, 1973.
3. BALIñA, L.M.; FLIESS, E.L.; BACHMANN, A.; CARDAMA, J.E.; GATTI, J.C. Similar alterations of lymphoblastic dedifferentiation in lepromatous leprosy patients and their healthy lepromin-negative consanguineous offspring. Int. J. Lepr., 41(1) : 7-13, 1973.
4. BEIGUELMAN, B. Lepromin reaction: genetics studies including twin pair analysis. Acta Leprol., (44) :5-65, 1971.
5. BEIGUELMAN, B.; PINTO JR, W.; PISANI, R.C.B.; KRIEGER, H.; VOZZA, J.A.; EL-GUINDY, M.M. Lymphocyte transformation and lepromatous leprosy. Ciência e Cultura, 27(2): 217-220, 1975.
6. BENACERRAF, B.; KAPP, J.A.; PIERCE, C.W.; KATZ, D.H. Genetic control of immune responses in vitro. IV. Conditions for cooperative interactions between nonresponder parental B cells and primed (responder x nonresponder) F,T cells in the development of an antibody response under Ir gene control in vitro. J. Exp. Med., 140(1):185-198, 1974.
7. BENACERRAF, B. & MCDEVITT, H.O. Histocompatibility-linked immune response genes. Science, 175(4019): 273-279, 1972.
8. BLANDEN, R.V.; DOHERTY, P.C.; DUNLOP, M.B.C.; GARDNER, I.D.; ZINKERNAGEL, R.M.; DAVID, C.S. Genes required for cytotoxicity against virus-infected target cells in K and D regions of H-2 complex. Nature, 254(6497): 269-270, 1975.
9. BLANDEN, R.V.; HAPEL, A.J.; JACKSON, D.C. Mode of action of Ir genes and the nature of T cell receptors for antigen. Immunochemistry, 13(2): 179-191, 1976.
10. BRAUN, M. The T-cell receptor: just another hypothesis. Cell. Immunol., 25(1) :1-7, 1976.
11. BRAUN, M. & SAAL, F. The T-cell receptor and cytotoxicity and anti-idiotype antiserum that inhibits a graft-versus-host reaction does not inhibit cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Cell. Immunol., 30(2) :254-260, 1977.
12. BRETCHER, P.A. On the control between cell-mediated, IgM and IgG immunity. Cell. Immunol., 13(2):171-196, 1974.
13. BRETCHER, P.A. & COHN, M. Minimal model for the mechanism of antibody induction and paralysis by antigen. Nature, 220:444-448, 1968.
14. BULLOCK JR., W.E. & FASAL, P. Studies of immune mechanisms in leprosy. III. The role of cellular ad humoral factors in impairment of the in vitro immune response. J. Immunol., 106 (4) :888-899, 1971.
15. BULLOCK JR., W.E.; HO, MIN-FU; CHEN, MEI-JAN. Studies of immune mechanisms in leprosy. II. Quantitative relationships of IgG, IgA, and IgM immunoglobulins. J. Lab. Clin. Med., 75(5) :863-870, 1970.
16. CAUZZI, N.; BOTTONI, G.; MORINI, J.C.; LONDNER, M.V. Respuesta cutanea a la lepromina bacilar estandar y a otros antígenos en pacientes de lepra y convivientes. Leprologia, 19(1): 11-14, 1974.
17. CHAKRAVARTI, M.R. & VOGEL, F. A twin study on leprosy. Topics in human genetics, 1 :1-123, 1973.
18. CONVIT, J.; PINARDI, M.E.; ARIAS ROJAS, F. Some considerations regarding the immunology of leprosy. Int. J. Lepr., 39 (2) :556-564, 1971.
19. CONVIT, J. & ULRICH, M. Recent advances in the immunology of leprosy. Int. J. Dermatol., 15(3) :157-170, 1976.
20. COOPERBAND, S.R.; BONDEVIK, H.; SCHMID, K.; MANNICK, J.A. Transformation of human lymphocytes: inhibition by homologous alpha globulin. Science, 159(3820): 1243-1244, 1968.
21. DASGUPTA, A.; MEHRA, N.K.; GHEI, S.K.; VAIDYA, M.C. Histocompatibility antigens (HL-A) in leprosy. Int. J. Lepr., 41(4) :563, 1973.
22. DE VRIES, R.R.; FAT, R.F.; NIJENHUIS, L.E.; VAN ROOD, J.J. HLA-linked genetic control of host response to Mycobacterium leprae. Lancet, 2(7999): 1328-1330, 1976.
23. FERNANDEZ, J.M.M. The early reaction induced by lepromin. Int. J. Lepr. 8(1): 1-14, 1940.
24. FLIESS, E.L. & BACHMANN, A.E. Alteración de la immunidad mediada por células en enfermos de lepra. Rev. Assoc. Arg. Microbiol., 9(1) :28-36, 1977.
25. FLIESS, E.L.; BALISTA, L.M.; BACHMANN, A.E.; CARDAMA, J.E.; GATTI, J.C. Estudio de' la desdiferenciación blastica en pacientes de lepra tuberculoide Leprologia, 18(3) :219-222, 1973.
26. GAJL-PECZALSKA, K.J.; LIM, S.D.; JACOBSON, R.R.; GOOD, R.A. B lymphocytes in lepromatous leprosy. New Engl. J. Med., 288(20):1033-1035, 1973.
27. GARDNER, I.; BOWERN, N.A.; BLANDEN, R.V. Cell-mediated cytotoxicity against ectromelia virus-infected target cells. II. Identification of effector cells and analysis of mechanisms. Eur. J. Immunol., 4 (2) :68-72, 1974.
28. HANSEN, G.A. Spedalskhedens arsager (causes of leprosy). Norsk. Mag. Laegevid, 4: 76-79, 1974 apud Int. J. Lepr. 23(3) :307-309, 1955.
29. JOPLING, W.H. A classification of leprosy. In: JORNADAS ARGENTINAS DE LEPROLOGIA, 8.a, Buenos Aires, 1974 apud Leprologia, 19(2) :127-130, 1974.
30. KATZ, D.H. & BENACERRAF, B. The function and interrelationships of T-cell receptors, Ir genes and other histocompatibility gene products. Transplant Rev., 22:175-195, 1975.
31. KHULLER, G.K. & SUBRAHMANYAM, D. Antibodies to mannophosphoinositides in leprosy patients. Int. J. Lepr., 38(4) :365-367, 1970.
32. KRAMMER, P.H. & EICHMANN. K. T cell receptor idiotypes are controlled by genes in in the heavy chain linkage groups and the major histocompatibility complex. Nature, 270(5639):733-735, 1977.
33. KREISLER, M.; ARNAIZ, A.; PEREZ, B.; CRUZ, E.F.; BOOTELLO, A. HL-A antigens in leprosy: Tissue antigens. 4(3):197-201, 1974.
34. LANGUILLON, J.; LINHARD, J.; DIEBOLT, G. Groupes sanguins: hemoglobins anormales et iepre. Bull. Soc. Méd. Afr. Noire Lang. Fr., 16(4) :581-584, 1971 apud Trop. Dis. Bull., 69(9) :916, 1972.
35. LIM, S.D. & FUSARO, R.M. Leprosy. IV. The quantitation of immune globulins (IgG, IgA, and IgM) in leprosy sera. Int. J. Lepr., .96(2) :144-153, 1968.
36. MERKLEN, F.P. & COTTENOT, F. Présence d'anticorps dans les sérums de lépreux. Communications. Bull. Soc. Path. Exot., 62(6) :982-987, 1966.
37. MITSUDA, K. On the value of a skin reaction to a suspension of leprous nodules. Japan. J. Dermatol. Urol., 19:697-708, 1919 apud Int. J. Lepr., 21 (3) :347-358, 1953.
38. MYRVANG, B.; FEEK, C.M.; GODAL, T. Antimycobacterial antibodies in sera from patients throughout the clinico-pathological disease spectrum of leprosy. Acta. Path. Microbiol. Scand. Sect. B., 82:701-706, 1974.
39. MYRVANG, B.; GODAL, T.; FEEK, C.M.. RIDLEY, D.S. Immune response to Mycobacterium leprae in indeterminate leprosy patients. Acta Path. Microbial. Scand. Sect., B., 81(5):615-620, 1973.
40. NATH, I.; CURTIS, J.; BHUTANI, L.K.; TALWAR, G.P. Reduction of a sub-population of T lymphocytes in lepromatous leprosy. Clin. Exp. Immunol., 18(1) :81-87, 1974.
41. NELSON, D.S.; NELSON, M.; THURSTON, J.M.; WATERS, M.F.R.; PEARSON, J.M.H. Phytohaemagglutinin-induced lymphocyte transformation in leprosy. Clin. Exp. Immunol., 9 (1) :33-43, 1971.
42. OLMOS CASTRO, N. & ARCURI, P.B. Our immunologic and clinical interpretation of the reactions to lepromin. Int. J. Lepr., 31(2) :222-228, 1963.
43. PRICE, M.A.; ANDERS, E.M.; ANDERS, R.F.; RUSSELL, D.A.; DENNIS, E.S. Cellmediated immunologic status of healthy members of families with a history of leprosy. Int. J. Lepr., 4,9(4) :307-313, 1975.
44. RABELLO, F.E. The indeterminate group of hanseniasis, and its basic connotation: the polar concept. An evaluation and a refutation of the so-called "spectral" approach. Hansen. Int., 1(2) :111-119, 1976.
45. REA, T.H.; QUISMORIO, F.; HARDING, G.; FRIOU, G.; LEVAN, N. Quantitative di - nitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) responsivity and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) induced lymphocyte transformation in patients with lepromatous leprosy. Int. J. Lepr., 44(1/2): 250-255, 1976.
46. REIS, A.P.; MAIA, F.; .RÈIS, V.F.; ANDRADE, I.M.; CAMPOS, A.A.S. HL-a antigens in leprosy. Lancet, 2(7893) :1384, 1974.47. RIDLEY, D.S. & JOPLING, W.H. Classification of leprosy according to immunity: a fivegroup system. Int. J. Lepr., J4(3):255-373, 1966.
48. ROTBERG, A. Some aspects of immunity in leprosy and their importance in epidemiology, pathogenesis and classification of forms of the disease. Based on 1529 lepromin tested cases. Rev. Bras. Lepr., 6(n. esp.) :45-97, 1937.
49. ROTBERG, A.; BECHELLI, L.M.; KEIL, H. The Mitsuda reaction in a nonleprous area. Int. J. Lepr., 18(2) :209-220, 1950.
50. SAGHER, F.; SHESKIN, J.; ZLOTNICK, A.; TURK, J.L. Complement and immunoglobulin determinations in leprosy and lepra reaction. In: INTERNATIONAL LEPROSY COLOQUIUM, Borstel, 1970 apud Int. J. Lepr., 39(2 pt. 2): 541-553, 1971.
51. SPIELMANN, W.; TEIXIDOR, D.; MATZNETTER, T. Blutgruppen and Lepra bei angolanischen Vilkerchaften. Blut, 27(6) :426-431, 1973.
52. THOMPSON, J. & VAN FURTH, R. The effect of glucocorticosteroids on the kinetics of mononuclear phagocytes. J. Exp. Med., 131 :429-442, 1970.
53. VAZQUEZ, C.A.; YANTORNO, C.E.; RIERA, C.M. Investigación de anticuerpos antinucleares en sueros de enfermos de Hansen. Leprologia, 18(1): 13-17, 1973.
54. VOZZA. J.A.; BEIGUELMAN, B.; PISANI, R.C.B.; CEZAR, P.C. Transformação dos linfócitos induzida pela fitohemaglutinina e reação de Mitsuda. Hansen. Int., 2(1) :53-59, 1977.
55. WADE, H.W. The lepromin reaction in normal dogs; preliminary report. Int. J. Lepr., 9(1):39-56, 1941.
56. WALDRON JR.. J.A.; HORN, R.G.; ROSENTHAL, A.S. Antigen-induced proliferation of Guinea pig lymphocytes in vitro: functional aspects of antigen handling by macrophages. J. Immunol., 112(2) :746-755, 1974.
57. YANTORNO, C.E.; VASQUEZ, C.A.; RIERA, C.M. Reacciones anómalas auto y heteroinmunes en enfermos hansenianos y convivientes clinicamente Banos. Rev. Leprol. Fontiles, 9 (5) :471-482, 1974.
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1978-11-30
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FLIESS EL. Posible origen de la inmunodeficiencia en la hanseniasis virchowiana. Hansen. Int. [Internet]. 1978 Nov. 30 [cited 2024 Jul. 22];3(2):141-50. Available from: https://periodicos.saude.sp.gov.br/hansenologia/article/view/36080
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This journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
