Palabras clave
Hanseniasis virchowiana
Inmunidad genética
Histocompatíbífidad
Inmunidad genética
Histocompatíbífidad
Cómo citar
1.
FLIESS EL. Posible origen de la inmunodeficiencia en la hanseniasis virchowiana. Hansen. Int. [Internet]. 30 de noviembre de 1978 [citado 23 de noviembre de 2024];3(2):141-50. Disponible en: https://periodicos.saude.sp.gov.br/hansenologia/article/view/36080
Resumen
Las manifestaciones clínicas, así como diversos estudios sobre la inmunidad mediada por células (IMC) muestran una gradación en la respuesta a la infeccfón por M. leprae. La misma va desde un polo tuberculoide con respuesta exacerbada de la ICM frente a1 bacilo hasta un polo virchowiano con déficit de la misma. El déficit mencionado ha dado origen a diversas hipótesis. En el presente trabajo se pesa revista a las posibilidades de una susceptibilidad previa a la infecclón, condicionada por factores genéticos que controlarian las diferentes formes de respuesta clínica e inmunológica del huésped frente al M. leprae Se plan tea la hipótesis de la presencia de un operón que condicionaria una respuesta alterada de los linfocitos T efectores, actuando sobre la fracción de sus receptores de membrana que detecta los heteroantigenos. Se suglere que dicho operón puede estar vinculado a lax regiones K ó D del complejo mayor de mistocompatibilidad.
Citas
1. ABE, M. Studies on the antigenic specificity of Mycobacterium leprae. 1. Demonstration of soluble antigens in leprosy nodules by immunodiffusion. Int. J. Lepr., 38(2):113125, 1970.
2. AGARWAL, D.P.; GOEDDE, H.W.; SCHLOOT, W.; FLATZ, G.; ROHDE, R. A note on atypical serum cholinesterase and genetic factors in leprosy. Hum. Hered., 23(4): 370-373, 1973.
3. BALIñA, L.M.; FLIESS, E.L.; BACHMANN, A.; CARDAMA, J.E.; GATTI, J.C. Similar alterations of lymphoblastic dedifferentiation in lepromatous leprosy patients and their healthy lepromin-negative consanguineous offspring. Int. J. Lepr., 41(1) : 7-13, 1973.
4. BEIGUELMAN, B. Lepromin reaction: genetics studies including twin pair analysis. Acta Leprol., (44) :5-65, 1971.
5. BEIGUELMAN, B.; PINTO JR, W.; PISANI, R.C.B.; KRIEGER, H.; VOZZA, J.A.; EL-GUINDY, M.M. Lymphocyte transformation and lepromatous leprosy. Ciência e Cultura, 27(2): 217-220, 1975.
6. BENACERRAF, B.; KAPP, J.A.; PIERCE, C.W.; KATZ, D.H. Genetic control of immune responses in vitro. IV. Conditions for cooperative interactions between nonresponder parental B cells and primed (responder x nonresponder) F,T cells in the development of an antibody response under Ir gene control in vitro. J. Exp. Med., 140(1):185-198, 1974.
7. BENACERRAF, B. & MCDEVITT, H.O. Histocompatibility-linked immune response genes. Science, 175(4019): 273-279, 1972.
8. BLANDEN, R.V.; DOHERTY, P.C.; DUNLOP, M.B.C.; GARDNER, I.D.; ZINKERNAGEL, R.M.; DAVID, C.S. Genes required for cytotoxicity against virus-infected target cells in K and D regions of H-2 complex. Nature, 254(6497): 269-270, 1975.
9. BLANDEN, R.V.; HAPEL, A.J.; JACKSON, D.C. Mode of action of Ir genes and the nature of T cell receptors for antigen. Immunochemistry, 13(2): 179-191, 1976.
10. BRAUN, M. The T-cell receptor: just another hypothesis. Cell. Immunol., 25(1) :1-7, 1976.
11. BRAUN, M. & SAAL, F. The T-cell receptor and cytotoxicity and anti-idiotype antiserum that inhibits a graft-versus-host reaction does not inhibit cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Cell. Immunol., 30(2) :254-260, 1977.
12. BRETCHER, P.A. On the control between cell-mediated, IgM and IgG immunity. Cell. Immunol., 13(2):171-196, 1974.
13. BRETCHER, P.A. & COHN, M. Minimal model for the mechanism of antibody induction and paralysis by antigen. Nature, 220:444-448, 1968.
14. BULLOCK JR., W.E. & FASAL, P. Studies of immune mechanisms in leprosy. III. The role of cellular ad humoral factors in impairment of the in vitro immune response. J. Immunol., 106 (4) :888-899, 1971.
15. BULLOCK JR., W.E.; HO, MIN-FU; CHEN, MEI-JAN. Studies of immune mechanisms in leprosy. II. Quantitative relationships of IgG, IgA, and IgM immunoglobulins. J. Lab. Clin. Med., 75(5) :863-870, 1970.
16. CAUZZI, N.; BOTTONI, G.; MORINI, J.C.; LONDNER, M.V. Respuesta cutanea a la lepromina bacilar estandar y a otros antígenos en pacientes de lepra y convivientes. Leprologia, 19(1): 11-14, 1974.
17. CHAKRAVARTI, M.R. & VOGEL, F. A twin study on leprosy. Topics in human genetics, 1 :1-123, 1973.
18. CONVIT, J.; PINARDI, M.E.; ARIAS ROJAS, F. Some considerations regarding the immunology of leprosy. Int. J. Lepr., 39 (2) :556-564, 1971.
19. CONVIT, J. & ULRICH, M. Recent advances in the immunology of leprosy. Int. J. Dermatol., 15(3) :157-170, 1976.
20. COOPERBAND, S.R.; BONDEVIK, H.; SCHMID, K.; MANNICK, J.A. Transformation of human lymphocytes: inhibition by homologous alpha globulin. Science, 159(3820): 1243-1244, 1968.
21. DASGUPTA, A.; MEHRA, N.K.; GHEI, S.K.; VAIDYA, M.C. Histocompatibility antigens (HL-A) in leprosy. Int. J. Lepr., 41(4) :563, 1973.
22. DE VRIES, R.R.; FAT, R.F.; NIJENHUIS, L.E.; VAN ROOD, J.J. HLA-linked genetic control of host response to Mycobacterium leprae. Lancet, 2(7999): 1328-1330, 1976.
23. FERNANDEZ, J.M.M. The early reaction induced by lepromin. Int. J. Lepr. 8(1): 1-14, 1940.
24. FLIESS, E.L. & BACHMANN, A.E. Alteración de la immunidad mediada por células en enfermos de lepra. Rev. Assoc. Arg. Microbiol., 9(1) :28-36, 1977.
25. FLIESS, E.L.; BALISTA, L.M.; BACHMANN, A.E.; CARDAMA, J.E.; GATTI, J.C. Estudio de' la desdiferenciación blastica en pacientes de lepra tuberculoide Leprologia, 18(3) :219-222, 1973.
26. GAJL-PECZALSKA, K.J.; LIM, S.D.; JACOBSON, R.R.; GOOD, R.A. B lymphocytes in lepromatous leprosy. New Engl. J. Med., 288(20):1033-1035, 1973.
27. GARDNER, I.; BOWERN, N.A.; BLANDEN, R.V. Cell-mediated cytotoxicity against ectromelia virus-infected target cells. II. Identification of effector cells and analysis of mechanisms. Eur. J. Immunol., 4 (2) :68-72, 1974.
28. HANSEN, G.A. Spedalskhedens arsager (causes of leprosy). Norsk. Mag. Laegevid, 4: 76-79, 1974 apud Int. J. Lepr. 23(3) :307-309, 1955.
29. JOPLING, W.H. A classification of leprosy. In: JORNADAS ARGENTINAS DE LEPROLOGIA, 8.a, Buenos Aires, 1974 apud Leprologia, 19(2) :127-130, 1974.
30. KATZ, D.H. & BENACERRAF, B. The function and interrelationships of T-cell receptors, Ir genes and other histocompatibility gene products. Transplant Rev., 22:175-195, 1975.
31. KHULLER, G.K. & SUBRAHMANYAM, D. Antibodies to mannophosphoinositides in leprosy patients. Int. J. Lepr., 38(4) :365-367, 1970.
32. KRAMMER, P.H. & EICHMANN. K. T cell receptor idiotypes are controlled by genes in in the heavy chain linkage groups and the major histocompatibility complex. Nature, 270(5639):733-735, 1977.
33. KREISLER, M.; ARNAIZ, A.; PEREZ, B.; CRUZ, E.F.; BOOTELLO, A. HL-A antigens in leprosy: Tissue antigens. 4(3):197-201, 1974.
34. LANGUILLON, J.; LINHARD, J.; DIEBOLT, G. Groupes sanguins: hemoglobins anormales et iepre. Bull. Soc. Méd. Afr. Noire Lang. Fr., 16(4) :581-584, 1971 apud Trop. Dis. Bull., 69(9) :916, 1972.
35. LIM, S.D. & FUSARO, R.M. Leprosy. IV. The quantitation of immune globulins (IgG, IgA, and IgM) in leprosy sera. Int. J. Lepr., .96(2) :144-153, 1968.
36. MERKLEN, F.P. & COTTENOT, F. Présence d'anticorps dans les sérums de lépreux. Communications. Bull. Soc. Path. Exot., 62(6) :982-987, 1966.
37. MITSUDA, K. On the value of a skin reaction to a suspension of leprous nodules. Japan. J. Dermatol. Urol., 19:697-708, 1919 apud Int. J. Lepr., 21 (3) :347-358, 1953.
38. MYRVANG, B.; FEEK, C.M.; GODAL, T. Antimycobacterial antibodies in sera from patients throughout the clinico-pathological disease spectrum of leprosy. Acta. Path. Microbiol. Scand. Sect. B., 82:701-706, 1974.
39. MYRVANG, B.; GODAL, T.; FEEK, C.M.. RIDLEY, D.S. Immune response to Mycobacterium leprae in indeterminate leprosy patients. Acta Path. Microbial. Scand. Sect., B., 81(5):615-620, 1973.
40. NATH, I.; CURTIS, J.; BHUTANI, L.K.; TALWAR, G.P. Reduction of a sub-population of T lymphocytes in lepromatous leprosy. Clin. Exp. Immunol., 18(1) :81-87, 1974.
41. NELSON, D.S.; NELSON, M.; THURSTON, J.M.; WATERS, M.F.R.; PEARSON, J.M.H. Phytohaemagglutinin-induced lymphocyte transformation in leprosy. Clin. Exp. Immunol., 9 (1) :33-43, 1971.
42. OLMOS CASTRO, N. & ARCURI, P.B. Our immunologic and clinical interpretation of the reactions to lepromin. Int. J. Lepr., 31(2) :222-228, 1963.
43. PRICE, M.A.; ANDERS, E.M.; ANDERS, R.F.; RUSSELL, D.A.; DENNIS, E.S. Cellmediated immunologic status of healthy members of families with a history of leprosy. Int. J. Lepr., 4,9(4) :307-313, 1975.
44. RABELLO, F.E. The indeterminate group of hanseniasis, and its basic connotation: the polar concept. An evaluation and a refutation of the so-called "spectral" approach. Hansen. Int., 1(2) :111-119, 1976.
45. REA, T.H.; QUISMORIO, F.; HARDING, G.; FRIOU, G.; LEVAN, N. Quantitative di - nitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) responsivity and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) induced lymphocyte transformation in patients with lepromatous leprosy. Int. J. Lepr., 44(1/2): 250-255, 1976.
46. REIS, A.P.; MAIA, F.; .RÈIS, V.F.; ANDRADE, I.M.; CAMPOS, A.A.S. HL-a antigens in leprosy. Lancet, 2(7893) :1384, 1974.47. RIDLEY, D.S. & JOPLING, W.H. Classification of leprosy according to immunity: a fivegroup system. Int. J. Lepr., J4(3):255-373, 1966.
48. ROTBERG, A. Some aspects of immunity in leprosy and their importance in epidemiology, pathogenesis and classification of forms of the disease. Based on 1529 lepromin tested cases. Rev. Bras. Lepr., 6(n. esp.) :45-97, 1937.
49. ROTBERG, A.; BECHELLI, L.M.; KEIL, H. The Mitsuda reaction in a nonleprous area. Int. J. Lepr., 18(2) :209-220, 1950.
50. SAGHER, F.; SHESKIN, J.; ZLOTNICK, A.; TURK, J.L. Complement and immunoglobulin determinations in leprosy and lepra reaction. In: INTERNATIONAL LEPROSY COLOQUIUM, Borstel, 1970 apud Int. J. Lepr., 39(2 pt. 2): 541-553, 1971.
51. SPIELMANN, W.; TEIXIDOR, D.; MATZNETTER, T. Blutgruppen and Lepra bei angolanischen Vilkerchaften. Blut, 27(6) :426-431, 1973.
52. THOMPSON, J. & VAN FURTH, R. The effect of glucocorticosteroids on the kinetics of mononuclear phagocytes. J. Exp. Med., 131 :429-442, 1970.
53. VAZQUEZ, C.A.; YANTORNO, C.E.; RIERA, C.M. Investigación de anticuerpos antinucleares en sueros de enfermos de Hansen. Leprologia, 18(1): 13-17, 1973.
54. VOZZA. J.A.; BEIGUELMAN, B.; PISANI, R.C.B.; CEZAR, P.C. Transformação dos linfócitos induzida pela fitohemaglutinina e reação de Mitsuda. Hansen. Int., 2(1) :53-59, 1977.
55. WADE, H.W. The lepromin reaction in normal dogs; preliminary report. Int. J. Lepr., 9(1):39-56, 1941.
56. WALDRON JR.. J.A.; HORN, R.G.; ROSENTHAL, A.S. Antigen-induced proliferation of Guinea pig lymphocytes in vitro: functional aspects of antigen handling by macrophages. J. Immunol., 112(2) :746-755, 1974.
57. YANTORNO, C.E.; VASQUEZ, C.A.; RIERA, C.M. Reacciones anómalas auto y heteroinmunes en enfermos hansenianos y convivientes clinicamente Banos. Rev. Leprol. Fontiles, 9 (5) :471-482, 1974.
2. AGARWAL, D.P.; GOEDDE, H.W.; SCHLOOT, W.; FLATZ, G.; ROHDE, R. A note on atypical serum cholinesterase and genetic factors in leprosy. Hum. Hered., 23(4): 370-373, 1973.
3. BALIñA, L.M.; FLIESS, E.L.; BACHMANN, A.; CARDAMA, J.E.; GATTI, J.C. Similar alterations of lymphoblastic dedifferentiation in lepromatous leprosy patients and their healthy lepromin-negative consanguineous offspring. Int. J. Lepr., 41(1) : 7-13, 1973.
4. BEIGUELMAN, B. Lepromin reaction: genetics studies including twin pair analysis. Acta Leprol., (44) :5-65, 1971.
5. BEIGUELMAN, B.; PINTO JR, W.; PISANI, R.C.B.; KRIEGER, H.; VOZZA, J.A.; EL-GUINDY, M.M. Lymphocyte transformation and lepromatous leprosy. Ciência e Cultura, 27(2): 217-220, 1975.
6. BENACERRAF, B.; KAPP, J.A.; PIERCE, C.W.; KATZ, D.H. Genetic control of immune responses in vitro. IV. Conditions for cooperative interactions between nonresponder parental B cells and primed (responder x nonresponder) F,T cells in the development of an antibody response under Ir gene control in vitro. J. Exp. Med., 140(1):185-198, 1974.
7. BENACERRAF, B. & MCDEVITT, H.O. Histocompatibility-linked immune response genes. Science, 175(4019): 273-279, 1972.
8. BLANDEN, R.V.; DOHERTY, P.C.; DUNLOP, M.B.C.; GARDNER, I.D.; ZINKERNAGEL, R.M.; DAVID, C.S. Genes required for cytotoxicity against virus-infected target cells in K and D regions of H-2 complex. Nature, 254(6497): 269-270, 1975.
9. BLANDEN, R.V.; HAPEL, A.J.; JACKSON, D.C. Mode of action of Ir genes and the nature of T cell receptors for antigen. Immunochemistry, 13(2): 179-191, 1976.
10. BRAUN, M. The T-cell receptor: just another hypothesis. Cell. Immunol., 25(1) :1-7, 1976.
11. BRAUN, M. & SAAL, F. The T-cell receptor and cytotoxicity and anti-idiotype antiserum that inhibits a graft-versus-host reaction does not inhibit cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Cell. Immunol., 30(2) :254-260, 1977.
12. BRETCHER, P.A. On the control between cell-mediated, IgM and IgG immunity. Cell. Immunol., 13(2):171-196, 1974.
13. BRETCHER, P.A. & COHN, M. Minimal model for the mechanism of antibody induction and paralysis by antigen. Nature, 220:444-448, 1968.
14. BULLOCK JR., W.E. & FASAL, P. Studies of immune mechanisms in leprosy. III. The role of cellular ad humoral factors in impairment of the in vitro immune response. J. Immunol., 106 (4) :888-899, 1971.
15. BULLOCK JR., W.E.; HO, MIN-FU; CHEN, MEI-JAN. Studies of immune mechanisms in leprosy. II. Quantitative relationships of IgG, IgA, and IgM immunoglobulins. J. Lab. Clin. Med., 75(5) :863-870, 1970.
16. CAUZZI, N.; BOTTONI, G.; MORINI, J.C.; LONDNER, M.V. Respuesta cutanea a la lepromina bacilar estandar y a otros antígenos en pacientes de lepra y convivientes. Leprologia, 19(1): 11-14, 1974.
17. CHAKRAVARTI, M.R. & VOGEL, F. A twin study on leprosy. Topics in human genetics, 1 :1-123, 1973.
18. CONVIT, J.; PINARDI, M.E.; ARIAS ROJAS, F. Some considerations regarding the immunology of leprosy. Int. J. Lepr., 39 (2) :556-564, 1971.
19. CONVIT, J. & ULRICH, M. Recent advances in the immunology of leprosy. Int. J. Dermatol., 15(3) :157-170, 1976.
20. COOPERBAND, S.R.; BONDEVIK, H.; SCHMID, K.; MANNICK, J.A. Transformation of human lymphocytes: inhibition by homologous alpha globulin. Science, 159(3820): 1243-1244, 1968.
21. DASGUPTA, A.; MEHRA, N.K.; GHEI, S.K.; VAIDYA, M.C. Histocompatibility antigens (HL-A) in leprosy. Int. J. Lepr., 41(4) :563, 1973.
22. DE VRIES, R.R.; FAT, R.F.; NIJENHUIS, L.E.; VAN ROOD, J.J. HLA-linked genetic control of host response to Mycobacterium leprae. Lancet, 2(7999): 1328-1330, 1976.
23. FERNANDEZ, J.M.M. The early reaction induced by lepromin. Int. J. Lepr. 8(1): 1-14, 1940.
24. FLIESS, E.L. & BACHMANN, A.E. Alteración de la immunidad mediada por células en enfermos de lepra. Rev. Assoc. Arg. Microbiol., 9(1) :28-36, 1977.
25. FLIESS, E.L.; BALISTA, L.M.; BACHMANN, A.E.; CARDAMA, J.E.; GATTI, J.C. Estudio de' la desdiferenciación blastica en pacientes de lepra tuberculoide Leprologia, 18(3) :219-222, 1973.
26. GAJL-PECZALSKA, K.J.; LIM, S.D.; JACOBSON, R.R.; GOOD, R.A. B lymphocytes in lepromatous leprosy. New Engl. J. Med., 288(20):1033-1035, 1973.
27. GARDNER, I.; BOWERN, N.A.; BLANDEN, R.V. Cell-mediated cytotoxicity against ectromelia virus-infected target cells. II. Identification of effector cells and analysis of mechanisms. Eur. J. Immunol., 4 (2) :68-72, 1974.
28. HANSEN, G.A. Spedalskhedens arsager (causes of leprosy). Norsk. Mag. Laegevid, 4: 76-79, 1974 apud Int. J. Lepr. 23(3) :307-309, 1955.
29. JOPLING, W.H. A classification of leprosy. In: JORNADAS ARGENTINAS DE LEPROLOGIA, 8.a, Buenos Aires, 1974 apud Leprologia, 19(2) :127-130, 1974.
30. KATZ, D.H. & BENACERRAF, B. The function and interrelationships of T-cell receptors, Ir genes and other histocompatibility gene products. Transplant Rev., 22:175-195, 1975.
31. KHULLER, G.K. & SUBRAHMANYAM, D. Antibodies to mannophosphoinositides in leprosy patients. Int. J. Lepr., 38(4) :365-367, 1970.
32. KRAMMER, P.H. & EICHMANN. K. T cell receptor idiotypes are controlled by genes in in the heavy chain linkage groups and the major histocompatibility complex. Nature, 270(5639):733-735, 1977.
33. KREISLER, M.; ARNAIZ, A.; PEREZ, B.; CRUZ, E.F.; BOOTELLO, A. HL-A antigens in leprosy: Tissue antigens. 4(3):197-201, 1974.
34. LANGUILLON, J.; LINHARD, J.; DIEBOLT, G. Groupes sanguins: hemoglobins anormales et iepre. Bull. Soc. Méd. Afr. Noire Lang. Fr., 16(4) :581-584, 1971 apud Trop. Dis. Bull., 69(9) :916, 1972.
35. LIM, S.D. & FUSARO, R.M. Leprosy. IV. The quantitation of immune globulins (IgG, IgA, and IgM) in leprosy sera. Int. J. Lepr., .96(2) :144-153, 1968.
36. MERKLEN, F.P. & COTTENOT, F. Présence d'anticorps dans les sérums de lépreux. Communications. Bull. Soc. Path. Exot., 62(6) :982-987, 1966.
37. MITSUDA, K. On the value of a skin reaction to a suspension of leprous nodules. Japan. J. Dermatol. Urol., 19:697-708, 1919 apud Int. J. Lepr., 21 (3) :347-358, 1953.
38. MYRVANG, B.; FEEK, C.M.; GODAL, T. Antimycobacterial antibodies in sera from patients throughout the clinico-pathological disease spectrum of leprosy. Acta. Path. Microbiol. Scand. Sect. B., 82:701-706, 1974.
39. MYRVANG, B.; GODAL, T.; FEEK, C.M.. RIDLEY, D.S. Immune response to Mycobacterium leprae in indeterminate leprosy patients. Acta Path. Microbial. Scand. Sect., B., 81(5):615-620, 1973.
40. NATH, I.; CURTIS, J.; BHUTANI, L.K.; TALWAR, G.P. Reduction of a sub-population of T lymphocytes in lepromatous leprosy. Clin. Exp. Immunol., 18(1) :81-87, 1974.
41. NELSON, D.S.; NELSON, M.; THURSTON, J.M.; WATERS, M.F.R.; PEARSON, J.M.H. Phytohaemagglutinin-induced lymphocyte transformation in leprosy. Clin. Exp. Immunol., 9 (1) :33-43, 1971.
42. OLMOS CASTRO, N. & ARCURI, P.B. Our immunologic and clinical interpretation of the reactions to lepromin. Int. J. Lepr., 31(2) :222-228, 1963.
43. PRICE, M.A.; ANDERS, E.M.; ANDERS, R.F.; RUSSELL, D.A.; DENNIS, E.S. Cellmediated immunologic status of healthy members of families with a history of leprosy. Int. J. Lepr., 4,9(4) :307-313, 1975.
44. RABELLO, F.E. The indeterminate group of hanseniasis, and its basic connotation: the polar concept. An evaluation and a refutation of the so-called "spectral" approach. Hansen. Int., 1(2) :111-119, 1976.
45. REA, T.H.; QUISMORIO, F.; HARDING, G.; FRIOU, G.; LEVAN, N. Quantitative di - nitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) responsivity and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) induced lymphocyte transformation in patients with lepromatous leprosy. Int. J. Lepr., 44(1/2): 250-255, 1976.
46. REIS, A.P.; MAIA, F.; .RÈIS, V.F.; ANDRADE, I.M.; CAMPOS, A.A.S. HL-a antigens in leprosy. Lancet, 2(7893) :1384, 1974.47. RIDLEY, D.S. & JOPLING, W.H. Classification of leprosy according to immunity: a fivegroup system. Int. J. Lepr., J4(3):255-373, 1966.
48. ROTBERG, A. Some aspects of immunity in leprosy and their importance in epidemiology, pathogenesis and classification of forms of the disease. Based on 1529 lepromin tested cases. Rev. Bras. Lepr., 6(n. esp.) :45-97, 1937.
49. ROTBERG, A.; BECHELLI, L.M.; KEIL, H. The Mitsuda reaction in a nonleprous area. Int. J. Lepr., 18(2) :209-220, 1950.
50. SAGHER, F.; SHESKIN, J.; ZLOTNICK, A.; TURK, J.L. Complement and immunoglobulin determinations in leprosy and lepra reaction. In: INTERNATIONAL LEPROSY COLOQUIUM, Borstel, 1970 apud Int. J. Lepr., 39(2 pt. 2): 541-553, 1971.
51. SPIELMANN, W.; TEIXIDOR, D.; MATZNETTER, T. Blutgruppen and Lepra bei angolanischen Vilkerchaften. Blut, 27(6) :426-431, 1973.
52. THOMPSON, J. & VAN FURTH, R. The effect of glucocorticosteroids on the kinetics of mononuclear phagocytes. J. Exp. Med., 131 :429-442, 1970.
53. VAZQUEZ, C.A.; YANTORNO, C.E.; RIERA, C.M. Investigación de anticuerpos antinucleares en sueros de enfermos de Hansen. Leprologia, 18(1): 13-17, 1973.
54. VOZZA. J.A.; BEIGUELMAN, B.; PISANI, R.C.B.; CEZAR, P.C. Transformação dos linfócitos induzida pela fitohemaglutinina e reação de Mitsuda. Hansen. Int., 2(1) :53-59, 1977.
55. WADE, H.W. The lepromin reaction in normal dogs; preliminary report. Int. J. Lepr., 9(1):39-56, 1941.
56. WALDRON JR.. J.A.; HORN, R.G.; ROSENTHAL, A.S. Antigen-induced proliferation of Guinea pig lymphocytes in vitro: functional aspects of antigen handling by macrophages. J. Immunol., 112(2) :746-755, 1974.
57. YANTORNO, C.E.; VASQUEZ, C.A.; RIERA, C.M. Reacciones anómalas auto y heteroinmunes en enfermos hansenianos y convivientes clinicamente Banos. Rev. Leprol. Fontiles, 9 (5) :471-482, 1974.
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